Module 7 Flashcards
Planning model/components
Planning > implementation > evaluation >
Components of a plan:
1. Ends: outcomes in goals/objectives
2. Means: programs, policies, procedures
3. Resources: how to acquire and implement
4. Implementation: design to carry out plan
5. Control: procedures to detect/correct errors
Characteristics of institutional-based planning
- Hierarchical structure
2. Stakeholders are looking out for institution’s best interests
Characteristics of community-based planning
- Involves many institutions/organizations
- Each entity has its own vested interests/agenda
- Each entity defines its ‘population’ differently
- Challenge to harmonize collective plans for final outcome
Categories of planning
- Strategic
- Operational
- Tactical
- Project/Program
- Contingency
Strategic planning (attributes)
- Most general
- Comprehensive scope
- Long-range timeline
- Defines future structure of organization
Operational planning
- Shorter time frame, more functional
- Addresses broad functions of organization
Tactical planning
- How to achieve mission, vision, goals, and objectives day by day
- Shorter timeframe
Project/Program planning
Scope and timeline varies by specific project/activity
Contingency planning
Addresses possible, uncertain event
Examples: Disaster planning
Strategic planning (components)
- Vision—long-range“view”
- Mission—purpose of organization
- Goals—statements about how to achieve objectives
- Objectives—measurable outcomes linked to goals
- Questions: where now? where should be? how get there? are we getting there?
Epidemiology in planning and marketing
- Use of quantitative & qualitative measures for: quality/excellence benchmarking and defining goals/objectives
- Methodology for environmental/needs assessment
- Data for health promotion/social marketing
- Descriptive epidemiology for: product/service definition and barriers to healthcare access
Healthy People 1990
Goals related to decreasing mortality by age group and morbidity for those over 65
Healthy People 2000
- Increase life span
- Reduce health disparities
- Achieve access to preventive services
Healthy People 2010
Overarching goals: to increase quality and length of life; eliminate health disparities
Healthy People
Serves as the foundation for prevention efforts across HHS; supports HHS efforts to create a healthier nation
Needs assessment
- Assess level of ‘need’ in a population
- Determine degree current resources/programs meet needs
- Evaluate if new programs/projects might fill gap of unmet need
Needs assessment methods
- Key informant survey (knowledgeable people: Clergy, police, clinic directors, program clients)
- Community survey: sample of community/target pop
- Demographic analysis: use demographic data from existing sources to make projections about need (Census, voter reg, HHS)
- Inferential indicators: use data from existing datasets/reports to make inferences about needs in population (insurance claims)
- Programmatic data: analysis of data from healthcare provider (medical records, interview)
Emergency preparedness
Preparedness for community as well as internal facility/institution response (type of contingency planning)
Examples of emergency prep contingency planning
- Patient surge
- Evacuation
- Continuity of operations
- Risk and rapid needs assessments
Disaster epidemiology (definition)
Use of epidemiology to assess the short- and long-term adverse health effects of disasters and to predict consequences of future disasters
Disaster epidemiology objectives
–Prevent or reduce the number of deaths, illnesses, and injuries caused by disasters
–Provide timely and accurate health information for decision-makers
–Improve prevention and mitigation strategies for future disasters by collecting information for future response preparation
*Provides situational awareness
Situational awareness
information that helps us understand what the needs are, plan the response, and gather the appropriate resources
Specific hazards
- Bioterrorism (anthrax, smallpox, plague)
- Chemical emergencies (ricin, chlorine, nerve agents)
- Outbreaks and incidents (cyclosporiasis, tornadoes)
- Mass casualties (explosions, blast injuries)
- Radiation emergencies (dirty bombs, nuclear blasts)
