Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Quality in health care

A

Derived from clinicians making judgements about balancing benefit and harm to achieve desirable patient objective

Degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes

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2
Q

I HI triple aim initiative

A
  1. Improving the patient experience of care (including quality and satisfaction)
  2. Improving the health of populations
  3. Reducing the per capita cost of healthcare
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3
Q

The control function

A

Links planning with operation

  • Quality assessment/improvement
  • Financial management
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4
Q

How is quality of care measured

A

Structure
Process
Outcome

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5
Q

Structure measures

A

Related to personnel/facilities and their configurations
Ex: Firecode, clean, physicians licensed, RN ratio

Pro: information readily obtained from existing documents
Cons: assumes Structure > Process > Outcome
Has not been validated

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6
Q

Process measures

A

Refers to what is done to the patient; evaluates:

  • compliance with desired care
  • effectiveness of educational effort as s measure of behavior
  • performance of basic procedures/practices
  • Quality (if can be linked to outcome measure)
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7
Q

Outcome measures

A

Refers to the net changes in health status as a result of care

Indicates the result of the performance of a process measure 
Types:
-clinical outcomes
-cost
-patient experience (satisfaction)
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8
Q

Attributes of norms and standards

A
Validity: assess what it should
Consensus: degree of agreement
Stringency: level of performance
Stability: change with time
Degree of specification:
-implicit: unspecified rules
-explicit: laundry list approach
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9
Q

Epidemiologic contributions to quality assurance

A
  1. Specify standards of good practice
  2. Specify characteristics of providers associated with good quality
  3. Develop measurement tools
  4. Design monitoring systems
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10
Q

Surveillance programs

A
  1. Monitor key indicators (ex: infection rates)
  2. Identify problems and intervene
  3. Focus on infections that:
    -are frequent
    -preventable
    -generate high costs
    -have serious effects on morb/mort
    .
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11
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Originate within the hospital

1/3 are preventable

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12
Q

Comorbidity

A

A pre-existing illness

Conditions occurring at the same time

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13
Q

Surveillance

A

Collect data overtime (baseline)
Check level/stability of rates
-high rates may trigger further inquiry
-numerators must be precisely defined
-denominators must reflect population at risk
-Adjust rates for intrinsic (host specific) and extrinsic (ex: environmental) risk factors

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14
Q

Quality indicators

A

Prevention indicators
Patient safety indicators
Inpatient indicators
Pediatric indicators

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15
Q

Total quality management

A

Focus on processes of healthcare

Each employee receives work for others, processes work, and supplies work to others

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