Module 7 Flashcards
Reproductive efficiency of the lactating herd can be evaluated using this.
It can also calculate various reproductive performance parameters.
commercial software programs
A common parameter which is determined by the average days at first service, pregnancy rate for a 21 - day
period, and pregnancy losses.
calving interval
The interval postpartum after which a cow is
inseminated
voluntary waiting period (VWP)
voluntary waiting period (VWP) is selected based on what?
management decisions
milk production
dry - off criteria
Parameters that determine the reproductive efficiency and productivity of the herd.
pregnancy rate
culling rate of adult cows
neonatal mortality
culling rate of heifers
Age at first calving
The target for the interval to first service should be the?
Voluntary waiting period
Is the product of estrus detection/insemination rate and conception rates
21-day pregnancy rate
Cows that conceived/ cow inseminated within 21 days
Conception rate
Indicate how fast in days cows become pregnant at the end of VWP
Pregnancy rate
Occurs between pregnancy diagnosis and parturition
Pregnancy losses
The ideal annual culling rate in dairy herd
25%
Suggest inaccurate estrus detection
Short intervals
Could indicate inaccuracy and inefficiency of estrus detection, ovarian abnormalities, or early embryonic mortality
Long intervals
Lowers level of circulating progesterone and estrogen
Milk production
Induces stress and reduces estrus expression.
Reproductive efficiency is expected to be lower in high producing herds compared with intermediate or low producing herd
Intensive management
Should be part of the approach to evaluate reproductive efficiency, especially in herd where accurate records are not available
Rectal palpation
Ultrasonography
Cows that show estrus and ready to dry-off
220 days
Cows pregnant over cows presented for pregnancy diagnosis
Palpation pregnancy rate
Are useful to allow proper animal handling and assurance of reproductive program compliance
Body condition score
Cow identification
Facilities for handling cow
How cow are treated by farm personel
Rectal palpation and ultrasonography will allow for detection of reproductive abnormalities such as?
(AIPPOEPU)
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Inadequate uterine involution
Pregnancy losses
Postpartum anestrus
Ovarian cyst
Endometritis
Pyometra
Uterine adhesion
High number of cow that have this will decrease palpation pregnancy rate even in herd with acceptable estrus detection rate since cow do not show estrus
Cow with postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst
Increased percentage of cows with reproductive abnormalities may indicate what?
Nutrition and management should be evaluated and revised
Poor reproductive performance in lactation cows could be caused by?
Extended interval to first service
Low estrus detection/ insemination rate
Low conception rate
The time between parturition and the time cows are allotted to be inseminated
Voluntary waiting period
The intervals to first service should be decided upon considering this two factors
Fertility
DIM
When reproductive program includes this it is usually difficult to control the interval from calving to first service
estrus detection
When it is coupled with excellent estrus detection or protocol for time for insemination, could be solutions to inseminate each cow at the right time
Individual electronic identification
In this herd the effect of DIM on fertility is higher and estrus detection is lower
Herd with high level of milk
The presynch-ovsynch protocol includes how many doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha in 14 days
Two
After two doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha then 12 days later cow are subjected to what?
Ovsynch ( gonadotropin releasing hormone
Could also be beneficial to accomplish high pregnancy rate the first days of the breeding season in herd with seasonal breeding program or herd that interrupt breeding for a couple of months to avoid calving during the summer
Timed insemination
One of the major problems in pasture based dairy herd
Postpartum anestrus
Has been shown to increase conception rate in cow with low BCS
Administration of 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at progesterone device removal
Inseminated or timed insemination within 21 day period
Insemination rate
Postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst
Anovulatory condition
High producing cow standing event
6 hours
6 mount
Low producing cow standing event
11 h with 9 standing event
Other factor related to management condition that reduce duration and intensity of estrus
Overcrowding
Unfavorable flooring
Stressful handling
Protocols that could induce estrus in cow with superficial postpartum anestrus
Progesterone device for 7 days
Equine chronic gonadotropin at device removal
Estradiol for 24 h
Have high milk production but usually have labor problems since fewer employee are needed to take care of different activities
Small or pasture
Conception rate or pregnancy per service is influenced by what?
Cow fertility
Semen quality
Bull fertility
Insemination procedure
Allow for time insemination and avoid the need for estrus detection.
Synchronization of estrus and ovulation
Protocols for time insemination use this to control the length of luteal phase, synchronize follicle wave, and induce ovulation.
GnRH
estradiol
Progesterone device
This approach can easily be implemented for the first service, either with continuous or seasonal breeding program
It is an option for first service
Time insemination
Is the number of cow that conceived among cow that are inseminated or received natural service
Conception rate or pregnancy per service or artificial insemination
Folliculogenesis takes approximately how many days?
80 days
Cows that have lower conception rate than primiparous cows, and it could be explained by the level of milk production
Multiparous cows
Synchronization of follicular wave using this enhances the chances of involution of a healthy oocyte in high-producing dairy cows and could increase fertility
GnRH
Is recommended 12 h after the first standing event
AI
Has established minimum motility and morphology parameters for quality of fresh and frozen semen
Society for theriogenology
May also influence conception rate
Semen handling during insemination
Skills of the technician
It also should be monitored to ensure high conception rate
Semen quality
Insemination procedure
Time of thawing
45-60 seconds
In 35-37 degree Celsius
