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ruminant > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive efficiency of the lactating herd can be evaluated using this.

It can also calculate various reproductive performance parameters.

A

commercial software programs

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2
Q

A common parameter which is determined by the average days at first service, pregnancy rate for a 21 - day
period, and pregnancy losses.

A

calving interval

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3
Q

The interval postpartum after which a cow is
inseminated

A

voluntary waiting period (VWP)

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4
Q

voluntary waiting period (VWP) is selected based on what?

A

management decisions
milk production
dry - off criteria

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5
Q

Parameters that determine the reproductive efficiency and productivity of the herd.

A

pregnancy rate
culling rate of adult cows
neonatal mortality
culling rate of heifers
Age at first calving

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6
Q

The target for the interval to first service should be the?

A

Voluntary waiting period

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7
Q

Is the product of estrus detection/insemination rate and conception rates

A

21-day pregnancy rate

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8
Q

Cows that conceived/ cow inseminated within 21 days

A

Conception rate

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9
Q

Indicate how fast in days cows become pregnant at the end of VWP

A

Pregnancy rate

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10
Q

Occurs between pregnancy diagnosis and parturition

A

Pregnancy losses

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11
Q

The ideal annual culling rate in dairy herd

A

25%

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12
Q

Suggest inaccurate estrus detection

A

Short intervals

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13
Q

Could indicate inaccuracy and inefficiency of estrus detection, ovarian abnormalities, or early embryonic mortality

A

Long intervals

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14
Q

Lowers level of circulating progesterone and estrogen

A

Milk production

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15
Q

Induces stress and reduces estrus expression.
Reproductive efficiency is expected to be lower in high producing herds compared with intermediate or low producing herd

A

Intensive management

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16
Q

Should be part of the approach to evaluate reproductive efficiency, especially in herd where accurate records are not available

A

Rectal palpation
Ultrasonography

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17
Q

Cows that show estrus and ready to dry-off

A

220 days

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18
Q

Cows pregnant over cows presented for pregnancy diagnosis

A

Palpation pregnancy rate

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19
Q

Are useful to allow proper animal handling and assurance of reproductive program compliance

A

Body condition score
Cow identification
Facilities for handling cow
How cow are treated by farm personel

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20
Q

Rectal palpation and ultrasonography will allow for detection of reproductive abnormalities such as?
(AIPPOEPU)

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge
Inadequate uterine involution
Pregnancy losses
Postpartum anestrus
Ovarian cyst
Endometritis
Pyometra
Uterine adhesion

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21
Q

High number of cow that have this will decrease palpation pregnancy rate even in herd with acceptable estrus detection rate since cow do not show estrus

A

Cow with postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst

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22
Q

Increased percentage of cows with reproductive abnormalities may indicate what?

A

Nutrition and management should be evaluated and revised

23
Q

Poor reproductive performance in lactation cows could be caused by?

A

Extended interval to first service
Low estrus detection/ insemination rate
Low conception rate

24
Q

The time between parturition and the time cows are allotted to be inseminated

A

Voluntary waiting period

25
Q

The intervals to first service should be decided upon considering this two factors

A

Fertility
DIM

26
Q

When reproductive program includes this it is usually difficult to control the interval from calving to first service

A

estrus detection

27
Q

When it is coupled with excellent estrus detection or protocol for time for insemination, could be solutions to inseminate each cow at the right time

A

Individual electronic identification

28
Q

In this herd the effect of DIM on fertility is higher and estrus detection is lower

A

Herd with high level of milk

29
Q

The presynch-ovsynch protocol includes how many doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha in 14 days

A

Two

30
Q

After two doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha then 12 days later cow are subjected to what?

A

Ovsynch ( gonadotropin releasing hormone

31
Q

Could also be beneficial to accomplish high pregnancy rate the first days of the breeding season in herd with seasonal breeding program or herd that interrupt breeding for a couple of months to avoid calving during the summer

A

Timed insemination

32
Q

One of the major problems in pasture based dairy herd

A

Postpartum anestrus

33
Q

Has been shown to increase conception rate in cow with low BCS

A

Administration of 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at progesterone device removal

34
Q

Inseminated or timed insemination within 21 day period

A

Insemination rate

35
Q

Postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst

A

Anovulatory condition

36
Q

High producing cow standing event

A

6 hours
6 mount

37
Q

Low producing cow standing event

A

11 h with 9 standing event

38
Q

Other factor related to management condition that reduce duration and intensity of estrus

A

Overcrowding
Unfavorable flooring
Stressful handling

39
Q

Protocols that could induce estrus in cow with superficial postpartum anestrus

A

Progesterone device for 7 days
Equine chronic gonadotropin at device removal
Estradiol for 24 h

40
Q

Have high milk production but usually have labor problems since fewer employee are needed to take care of different activities

A

Small or pasture

41
Q

Conception rate or pregnancy per service is influenced by what?

A

Cow fertility
Semen quality
Bull fertility
Insemination procedure

42
Q

Allow for time insemination and avoid the need for estrus detection.

A

Synchronization of estrus and ovulation

43
Q

Protocols for time insemination use this to control the length of luteal phase, synchronize follicle wave, and induce ovulation.

A

GnRH
estradiol
Progesterone device

44
Q

This approach can easily be implemented for the first service, either with continuous or seasonal breeding program
It is an option for first service

A

Time insemination

45
Q

Is the number of cow that conceived among cow that are inseminated or received natural service

A

Conception rate or pregnancy per service or artificial insemination

46
Q

Folliculogenesis takes approximately how many days?

A

80 days

47
Q

Cows that have lower conception rate than primiparous cows, and it could be explained by the level of milk production

A

Multiparous cows

48
Q

Synchronization of follicular wave using this enhances the chances of involution of a healthy oocyte in high-producing dairy cows and could increase fertility

A

GnRH

49
Q

Is recommended 12 h after the first standing event

A

AI

50
Q

Has established minimum motility and morphology parameters for quality of fresh and frozen semen

A

Society for theriogenology

51
Q

May also influence conception rate

A

Semen handling during insemination
Skills of the technician

52
Q

It also should be monitored to ensure high conception rate

A

Semen quality
Insemination procedure

53
Q

Time of thawing

A

45-60 seconds
In 35-37 degree Celsius

ruminant (8 decks)

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