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Ruminant > Module 6 -Feed Principle In Ruminant Animals > Flashcards

Module 6 -Feed Principle In Ruminant Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acid contains how many percent of nitrogen

A

16 percent

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2
Q

. In an excellent protein source

A

High quality alfalfa

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3
Q

Oil seen meals that are excellent protein source in supplementation program for range cattle

A

Cottonseed meal
Soybean meal
Canola meal

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4
Q

Major carbohydrates in crude fiber of plants into products ruminant can use

A

Digest or breakdown cellulose

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5
Q

In laboratory feed evaluation, the crude protein content is estimated by measuring what?

A

Feed nitrogen concentration

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6
Q

In ruminant excess protein is broken down and used as what?

A

Energy source

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7
Q

This cattle should be feed only protein supplements containing natural protein

A

Cattle maintained under range forage conditions

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8
Q

Are frequently placed in protein supplement feed to ruminant to reduce the cost of supplementation

A

Non- protein nitrogen

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9
Q

Where do dietary protein is ingested

A

Rumen

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10
Q

Microflora uses what to synthesize microbial protein?

A

Nitrogen portion

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11
Q

Where do several microbial cells are digested

A

Abomasum and small intestine

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12
Q

Where do bypass protein (blood meal and feather meal) are digested

A

Abomasum and small intestine

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13
Q

Provide effective method for improving performance of those animals maintained on low-protein feed

A

By pass protein

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14
Q

How many major and trace minerals are required daily for normal health and well-being of grazing animals

A

Seven major and six trace minerals

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15
Q

. Remaining 20 percent of phosphorus is found where?
Where it play a major role in cell metabolism

A

Soft tissues

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16
Q

High calcium, low in phosphorus

A

Forage and roughage

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17
Q

Low calcium, high in phosphorus

A

Grain

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18
Q

Is bitter and unpalatable when fed by itself
Also shown to increase reproductive efficiency and milk production in forage fed cattle

A

Phosphorus

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19
Q

Can be extremely toxic at high levels yet under some range situation, supplementation has improved cattle performance

A

Trace element COPPER

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20
Q

increases as the level of animals activity increases

A

Maintenance requirement

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21
Q

.commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

A

Vitamin A

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22
Q

Storage of vitamin A

A

Liver

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23
Q

Percent of production cost of feed

A

60%

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24
Q

Most limiting nutrient

A

Energy/ calories

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25
Q

Most expensive nutrient

A

Protein

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26
Q

Cheapest feed ingredient

A

Water

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27
Q

Necessary to maintain a healthy rumen environment and prevent digestive upsets

A

Fiber (bulk)

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28
Q

Primary and most economical source of nutrients for sheep and goat

A

Pasture, forbs and browse

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29
Q

Tend to be in high in energy and protein when it is in a vegetative state

A

Pasture

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30
Q

During early part of grazing season they tend to be higher in protein and energy than other ordinary pasture

A

Browse (woody plants, vines and brush)
Forbs( weeds)

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31
Q

Are natural browsers and have the ability to select plants when they are at their most nutritious state.

A

Goat

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32
Q

Is the primary source of nutrients for small ruminant during the winter or non-grazing season
Tend to be a moderate source of protein and energy for sheep and goat

A

Hay

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33
Q

Tend to be higher in protein, vitamins and minerals especially calcium than grass hay.

A

Legume hays
Alfalfa
Clover
Lespedeza

34
Q

Added when forage alone cannot provide the nutrients

A

Concentrate

35
Q

Have been shown to increase growth weight but should not only be done to the extent that it increase profit

A

Creep and supplemental feeding of lamb and kid

36
Q

Two types of concentrate feed

A

Energy and protein

37
Q

Feeding a diet that is high in phosphorus and low in calcium can cause what?

A

Urinary calculi (kidney stones) in wethers and intact male

38
Q

Proper calcium to phosphorus ratio

A

2:1

39
Q

May enable the animals to mount greater immune response to parasites

A

higher level of PROTEIN in the diet

40
Q

Due to its copper content it is not recommended that sheep is be feed with this for sustained periods of time

A

Fed broiler litter

41
Q

Have an advantage in that animals cannot sort feed ingredients

A

Pellet rations

42
Q

The most important minerals required by small ruminant

A

Salt
calcium
Phosphorus

43
Q

Vitamins that are manufactured in rumen

A

Vitamin K
All B vitamin

44
Q

This are free choice and Should be available to small ruminant at all times

A

Premix salt, vitamins and minerals

45
Q

It should be feed to ewes and does during Kate gestation and lactation

A

Pre-choice minerals

46
Q

Required higher level of copper

A

Goat

47
Q

High level of copper can be toxic to them

A

Sheep

48
Q

Mature animals consume how many gallons of water per day

A

Between ¾ to 1 ½ gallons per day

49
Q

Should include a pasture and livestock enterprise budget and should support you long term goals

A

Short-term goals

50
Q

Grow most efficiently if they are managed to maintain a 2-5 inch heigh, when plants are in the vegetative state

A

Clover and grass pasture

51
Q

Perennial ryegrass in this phase grow very slowly because they lack leaf area for optimum photosynthesis

A

Phase 1

52
Q

This phase growth represent minimal forage quantity but excellent forage quality

A

Phase 1

53
Q

In this phase the plant make the most rapid and efficient growth; their leaf area is great enough to use all the sunlight falling on the area

A

Phase II

54
Q

In this phase growth represent adequate forage quantity and quality with rapid plant growth

A

Phase II

55
Q

In this phase pasture growth slows as lower leaves becomes shaded and die. This is the beginning of plant reproduction and slower vegetative growth and forage quality begins to decline rapidly

A

Phase III

56
Q

content of mature grass plant

A

High/increase in Lignin
Palatability, protein and TDN decrease

57
Q

By knowing grass stages, producers can determine what?

A

determine maturity
Predict quality
Improve their management practices and recommendation

58
Q

Involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves

A

Vegetative stage

59
Q

Internodes are starting to elongate and elevate shoot apices

A

Elongation stage

60
Q

Inflorescences are located in the sheaths of the flag leaf

A

Boot stage

61
Q

Inflorescences start to emerge and to expand

A

Heading

62
Q

Flowers are shedding pollen

A

Anthesis

63
Q

Inflorescences are fully developed and seeds are ripe

A

Mature seed

64
Q

Is the least expensive feed for livestock

A

Pasture

65
Q

The nutrient demand of the cow is what?

A

Cyclic and seasonal

66
Q

Kinds of rotation grazing

A

Rest rotation
Deferred rotation
Management intensive grazing

67
Q

Refers to broader category of grazing system

A

Rotational grazing

68
Q

System, pastures are rested for a specific period of time. At least two to three pastures are needed in this system

A

Rest rotational grazing system

69
Q

A particular pasture is not grazed for a specific period of time until plants reach a certain maturity level

A

Deferred grazing system

70
Q

Can be more productive in regions where adequate soil moisture ensures regrowth of forage.
This system is utilizes small pastures where livestock are rotated form one pasture to the next after they have grazed forage down to a specific level higher or amount of forage left in a short period of time.

A

Rotational grazing system

71
Q

Animals are moved to a new paddock in no specific oder.

A

Management-intensive grazing system

72
Q

Too many animals on a pasture for too long can decrease pasture and livestock production, even into the next season
What phase is this?

A

Phase I

73
Q

Too few animals can be a problem because the pasture will be underutilized, reducing feed quality and substantially lowering plant grow

A

Phase III

74
Q

Forage in previously grazed area is allowed to rest and regrow to be grazed when forage plants reach the appropriate growth stage
What phase is this ?

A

Phase II

75
Q

Production can be increased in what grazing system?

A

Management intensive grazing system

76
Q

An aerial map of farm can be useful in what?

A

determining fencing location
Water supplies
Existing forage resources

77
Q

Is essential to improved grazing management and pasture production

A

Proper fencing

78
Q

Is most often used, offering a more permanent solution than polywire

A

High-tensile wire

79
Q

Can be used for interior fences with good perimeter fences

A

One wire

80
Q

Many producer have found this to be an important part of a successful intensive grazing management

A

Constructing solid laneway

81
Q

Are often used which can provide flexibility in location and reduce the problems associated with an accumulation of nutrients such as parasite, disease , erosion and weed problem around permanent water sources

A

Portable water system

82
Q

Is very labor intensive compared to other system

A

Management intensive grazing

Ruminant (8 decks)

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