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Ruminant > Module 1 Characteristics Of Ruminants > Flashcards

Module 1 Characteristics Of Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of ruminant animals

A

Cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels

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2
Q

is the largest section and the main digestive center. Most important stomach of ruminant

A

Rumen

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3
Q

Where do the partially chewed grass goes into where it is stored and broken down into balls of “cud”.

A

Large rumen

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4
Q

Percentage of immature ruminant stomach

A

Rumen- 25% reticulum-5% omasum -10% abomasum-60%

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5
Q

Percentage of mature ruminant stomach

A

Rumen-80% reticulum-5% omasum- 8% abomasum- 8%

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6
Q

Cloven hooves

A

Artiodactyl

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7
Q

Microorganism in rumen

A

Bacteria, yeast, protozoa, fungi

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8
Q

Order of ruminant

A

Artiodactyla

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9
Q

Suborder of ruminant

A

Ruminantia

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10
Q

Ruminant digestive system

A

Mouth,
esophagus,
four compartment stomach,
pancreas,
gall bladder,
small intestine,
large intestine

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11
Q

The cattle number of prehensile bites to harvest forage while grazing each day.

A

25,000 to more than 40,000

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12
Q

Liters of saliva secreted per day

A

110-180 liters a day

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13
Q

Saliva function

A

Aids in chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen. To buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.

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14
Q

A mature cow produces up to how many quarts of saliva per day.

A

50-80 quarts daily

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15
Q

carry substances down the esophagus to the reticulum.

A

Muscle contractions and pressure

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16
Q

Forages and feeds mix with saliva containing what? when consumed, to form a bolus.

A

Sodium, potassium, phosphate, bicarbonate, and urea

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17
Q

Buffer PH of cattle
.

A

8.4

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18
Q

The esophagus functions in ruminant

A

Bidirectionally in ruminants, allowing them to regurgitate their cud for further chewing, if necessary.

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19
Q

It is When forage and other feedstuffs are forced back to the mouth for further chewing and mixing with saliva. This cud is then swallowed again and passed into the reticulum.

A

Rumination or “chewing the cud”

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20
Q

It is where most of the liquid portion rapidly moves

A

Reticulorumen

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21
Q

The solid portion left behind in the rumen typically remains for up to how many hours and forms a dense mat in the rumen, where microbes can use the fibrous feedstuffs to make precursors for energy.

A

48

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22
Q

True ruminants that have one stomach and four compartments

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and antelope

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23
Q

The ruminant stomach occupies almost how many percent of the abdominal cavity, filling nearly all of the left side and extending significantly into the right side.

A

75 percent filling nearly all of the left side and extending significantly into the right side.

24
Q

The rumen can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

A

40 gallons

25
Q

The reticulum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

A

5

26
Q

The omasum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

A

15

27
Q

The abomasum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

A

7

28
Q

Function of microbes

A

Ferment and breakdown plant cell wall into their carbohydrates fractions and produce volatile fatty acids.

29
Q

Microbes also produce what kind of vitamin

A

Vitamin B and K and amino acid

30
Q

is called the “honeycomb” because of the honeycomb appearance of its lining, It sits underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm.

A

Reticulum

31
Q

The main function of the reticulum.

A

Collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum, also traps and collects heavy/dense objects

32
Q

is sometimes called the “paunch.” It is lined with papillae for nutrient absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the dorsal, ventral, caudo-dorsal, and caudoventral sacs.

A

Rumen

33
Q

Alternative molecule in rumen

A

Nitrate, sulfate and sulfur

34
Q

About how many percent of starch and soluble sugar consumed is digested in the rumen.

A

50-65%

35
Q

Rumen PH level

A

6.2-6.8

36
Q

Function of Rumen microorganism

A

Digest cellulose from plant cell walls
Digest complex starch,
Synthesize protein from nonprotein nitrogen
Synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K

37
Q

Gases produce in rumen

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide.

38
Q

is spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel. It is called the “many plies” or the “butcher’s bible” in reference to the many folds or leaves that resemble pages of a book. These folds increase the surface area, which increases the area that absorbs nutrients from feed and
water. Water absorption occurs.

A

Omasum

39
Q

abomasum produces what?

A

Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin (breaks down protein), and receives digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase (breaks down fats).

40
Q

PH of abomasum

A

3.5-4

41
Q

Ph level of small intestine its feet long and gallon capacity

A

2.5 to between 7 and 8. 150 feet long 20 gallon capacity

42
Q

large intestine its feet long and gallon capacity

A

3 feet long 2 gallon capacity

43
Q

is secreted into the first section of the small intestine, the duodenum, to aid in digestion.

A

Bile from gall bladder

44
Q

Is a large blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

A

Cecum

45
Q

is the site of most of the water absorption in the large intestine.

A

Colon

46
Q

in these young animals is formed by muscular folds of the reticulum. It shunts milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen.

A

Esophageal groove

47
Q

Lengthen and decrease in numbers as part of rumen development.

A

Rumen papillae

48
Q

Too much legumes

A

Bloat

49
Q

Too much grain

A

Acidosis

50
Q

Process of digestion in ruminant

A

Food intake and chewing
The chewed cud moves to the rumen
The partially digested feed progresses to the reticulum
The omasum role is primarily to reduce the water content of the digesta
The abomasum often term as true stomach
Finally, the digested nutrient reach the small and large intestine.

51
Q

Volume compromise of omasum stomach?

A

12%

52
Q

Volume compromise of rumen and reticulum stomach?

A

84%

53
Q

Volumes compromises of abomasum stomach?

A

4%

54
Q

Microbes can use this to make precursor energy

A

Fibrous feedstuff

55
Q

Rumen environment is what?

A

Anaerobic

56
Q

Differences of acetate, propionate and butyrate

A

Acetate-fat synthesis
Propionate-glucose synthesis
Butyrate-carbohydrates synthesis

57
Q

Immature ruminants are not allowed to access to this feed

A

Feeds containing non-protein nitrogen such as urea

Ruminant (8 decks)

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