MODULE 6 : STARVATION (clinical Case)

Question 0

Sources of blood glucose

Answer 0

1. DIET
2. GLUCOGENIC COMPOUNDS
3. LIVER GLYCOGEN

Question 1

A physical sensation of the body signaling that it is already short of food

Answer 1

HUNGER

Question 2

Site of gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOSOL

Question 3

Sources of glucogenic substances

Answer 3

1. INTERMEDIATES (glycolysis / TCA)
2. GLYCEROL (from TAGs)
3. LACTATE (Cori Cycle)
4. CARBON SKELETONS (Glucogenic amino acids)

Question 4

The amount of energy a resting person consumes in a “post absorptive” state. Observes usually after a 8-12 hours after the last meal

Answer 4

BASAL METABOLIC RATE

Question 5

The process of shortening longer glycogen chains into a-D-Glucose

Answer 5

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Question 6

Site of glycogenolysis

Answer 6

CYTOSOL

Question 7

Organ/s involved in glycogenolysis
  A. Liver
  B. Stomach
  C. Muscle 
  D. A&C
  E. B&C 
  F. AOTA

Answer 7

LIVER AND MUSCLE (C)

Question 8

Give substrate and product of glycogenolysis

Answer 8

S : GLYCOGEN

P : GLUCOSE-1-P & FREE GLUCOSE

Question 9

Rate limiting step of glysogenolysis

Answer 9

REMOVAL OF GLUCOSE (breaks a(1-4)bonds)

enzyme : glycogen phosphorylase

Question 10

Amount of body protein lost in 15 days of starvation

Answer 10

1 kilogram

Question 11

Enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of TAGs to yield free fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 11

HORMOE SENSITIVE LIPASE

Question 12

Ketogenesis (increases / decreases) oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 12

INCREASES

Question 13

Give substrate and products for ketogenesis

Answer 13

S : Acetyl CoA

P : KETONE BODIES

Question 14

Enzyme responsible for the rate limiting step of Ketogenesis

Answer 14

HMG CoA REDUCTASE

Acetoacetyl CoA + Acety CoA&raquo_space; HMG CoA

Question 15

The body’s way of fueling extra hepatic tissues during prolonged starvation.

Answer 15

KETOACIDOSIS

Question 16

Amount of energy a resting person consumes in a post absorptive state, usually 8-12 hours after last meal

Answer 16

Basal metabolic rate

Question 17

Additional energy expenditure after meal

Answer 17

Postprandial thermogenesis

Question 18

Postprandial thermogenesis depends on what two factors?

Answer 18

Meal size

Composition

Question 19

Most variable item in energy budget, usually less than 1500 kcal/day

Answer 19

Muscular activity

Question 20

Glucagon is secreted by what pancreatic cell?

Answer 20

Alpha cells

Question 21

What is the 2nd messenger of glucagon?

Answer 21

cAMP

Question 22

Functions to increase glucose when dietary supply is low

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon

Answer 22

B. Glucagon

Question 23

Glucagon acts mainly on what organ?

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Glucagon has negligible effects on?

Answer 24

Adipose tx
Muscle
Extrahepatic tx