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Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) > Module 6: Processing Nourishment And Hydration > Flashcards

Module 6: Processing Nourishment And Hydration Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrients

A

Small absorbable molecules that provide energy in necessary components for body growth

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The process of breaking down your nutrition in to absorbable nutrients

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3
Q

Nutrition

A

Your food

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4
Q

Digestive system

A

A long tube through which food passes

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5
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

The precise tool for cutting the chains of Nutrient units

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6
Q

Absorb

A

To transport the digested

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7
Q

Epithelium

A

A general term for a layer of surface cells in the body

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8
Q

Epithelial cells

A

The cells that cover the outside of your skin

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9
Q

Mucus

A

A clear

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10
Q

Goblet cells

A

Specialize cells that are shaped like stand glassware and produce lots of mucus

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11
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelium that secretes mucus

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12
Q

Submucosa

A

The loose layer containing blood vessels and nerves

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13
Q

Crypts

A

Tiny cave like glands in the mucosa

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14
Q

Ducts

A

Small channels from the liver or pancreas

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15
Q

Bile

A

Digestive fluid that helps to emulsify sets

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16
Q

Emulsify

A

To stabilize as tiny droplets of water-based fluid

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17
Q

Quadrant

A

One side of one arch

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18
Q

Incissors

A

Teeth that have a sharp knife like edges for cutting

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19
Q

Canine

A

A tooth that comes to a point; useful for piercing and tearing suit

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20
Q

Premolars/ bicuspids

A

The teeth right behind the canines

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21
Q

Molar

A

The teeth behind the premolars

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22
Q

Crown

A

The part of the tooth that is visible in the mouth

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23
Q

Enamel

A

The sick smooth coating of calcium mineral that covers the Crown

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24
Q

Dentin

A

Under the enamel coat; less dense than calcium substance

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25
Q

Root

A

The part of the tooth and encased in the socket in the jaw bone

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26
Q

Pulp

A

Inside the hollow interior of the hard tooth; Composed of blood vessels and neurons

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27
Q

Gingiva

A

Specialized mucosa that surrounds each tooth

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28
Q

Dental erosion

A

When the tooth is exposed to acid in food or drink

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29
Q

Tooth decay

A

Slowly erodes a part of the tooth until it gets into the Dentin

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30
Q

Saliva

A

Spit

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31
Q

Salivary glands

A

Organs that produce saliva

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32
Q

Salivary duct

A

How the saliva travels from the gland to the mouth

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33
Q

Starch

A

A long chain of sugar molecules

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34
Q

Bolus

A

A swallowable Mass

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35
Q

Satiety

A

The feeling of satisfaction from having eaten enough food

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36
Q

smooth muscles

A

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

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37
Q

skeletal muscles

A

muscles attached to bone that cause body movements; you can control them

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38
Q

involentary

A

Not controlled by your will

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39
Q

Peristalsis

A

Waves of rhythmic

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40
Q

Mixing waves

A

Smooth muscle activity that sloshes digesting food back-and-forth with in a single organ

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41
Q

Sphincters

A

Muscular rains that act like Valves in the tube; Hold the contents in one section until the stage of digestion is complete

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42
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat

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43
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The nose part of the throat

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44
Q

Soft palate

A

The flexible part of the roof of your mouth

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45
Q

Uvula

A

The extension of the soft palate that dangles down

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46
Q

Larynx

A

The voice box or Adam’s apple

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47
Q

Epiglottis

A

An elastic flap of tissue in the pharynx

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48
Q

Vocal folds

A

Vocal cords

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49
Q

Esophagus

A

The soft

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50
Q

upper esophageal sphincter

A

In the pharynx

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51
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

The muscular ring at the top of the stomach

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52
Q

Abdominal thrusts

A

The Heimlich maneuver

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53
Q

Umbilicus

A

navel

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54
Q

Gastric juice

A

Acidic juice added by tiny glands in the wall of the stomach

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55
Q

Chyme

A

Bolus that is swallowed into smooth slurry

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56
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

Acid so strong and corrosive that it can dissolve many kinds of metal

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57
Q

Pepsin

A

A digestive enzyme

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58
Q

Bulimia

A

A mental or emotional disorder characterized by Forced vomiting

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59
Q

Nausea

A

The natural discomfort felt before vomiting

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60
Q

Food poisoning

A

The presence of harmful bacteria or other toxins in food

61
Q

Dehydrated

A

the state in which a large amount of water has been lost or removed from the body or from food

62
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

An infection of bacteria or viruses in the mucosa of the digestive track

63
Q

Vomiting

A

The force the return of the stomach contents To the mouth to be expelled

64
Q

Intravenous

A

also known as IV

65
Q

Heartburn

A

When the lower esophagus sphincter is not firmly closed all the stomach is churning the stomach contents with hydrochloric send me a link up into the esophagus

66
Q

GERD

A

Repeated episodes of heartburn

67
Q

Heart attack

A

A lack of blood flow to parts of the heart

68
Q

Stomach ulcer

A

An opened wound in the mucosa of the stomach

69
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Also known as stomach ulcer; An opened wound in the mucosa of the stomach

70
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

At the lower end of the stomach; keeps the chyme from entering the small intestine until it is churned enough

71
Q

Duodenum

A

The first section of the small intestine; about 12 inches long

72
Q

Jejunum

A

The second part of the small intestine; about 8 feet long

73
Q

ileum

A

The third part of the small intestine; about 11 feet long

74
Q

Duodenal ulcers

A

Most of the time caused by an H. Pylori infection and can be treated with antibiotics

75
Q

Crypts

A

Tiny openings in the mucosa through which enzymes can flow into the small intestine

76
Q

Lactose

A

The sugar found in milk

77
Q

Lactase

A

enzyme that breaks down lactose

78
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

The inability to completely digest the milk sugar

79
Q

Villi

A

Hair-like projections in the folds of the small intestine

80
Q

Microvilli

A

Microscopic villi

81
Q

Villus

A

A single villi

82
Q

Capillary

A

The smallest kind of blood vessel; covers the villus

83
Q

Lacteals

A

The smallest of lymph vessels

84
Q

Portal vein

A

Is specialized blood vessel that passes through the liver

85
Q

Bile

A

A cholesterol rich fluid that emulsifies fat in the small intestine

86
Q

Regenerate

A

Replace with functional cells

87
Q

Gall bladder

A

A small sac under the liver which concentrates the bile by returning some of the water and salt to the blood

88
Q

Common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

89
Q

Pancreas

90
Q

Gall stones

A

When the bile stored in the gallbladder loses too much salt in water and condenses into hard black balls the size of peas

91
Q

Gallbladder disease

A

When a gallstone gets stuck in the small intestine

92
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

Releases the pancreatic juice into the duodenum

93
Q

Bowel sounds

A

Growling noises that come from the intestines

94
Q

Ileocecal sphincter

A

The ring-like muscle that controls the chyme going from the small intestine to the large intestine

95
Q

Large intestine

A

Also known as colon; The final section of the digestive system tube

96
Q

Cecum

A

The small intestines entry sphincter

97
Q

Ascending colon

A

Goes up towards your liver and makes a sharp turn to become the transverse colon

98
Q

Descending colon

A

Travels down your left side after it turns from the ascending colon

99
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

After the descending colon it bends into an S shape and widens a little towards the end

100
Q

Rectum

A

Stores the waste

101
Q

Feces

A

Waste matter

102
Q

Microbiome

A

Layers of Organisms that are similar to bacteria

103
Q

Probiotic supplements

A

Capsules that contain concentrated bacteria

104
Q

Prebiotics

A

Foods with lots of fiber

105
Q

Anus

A

A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body

106
Q

Anal Sphincter

A

Made of mostly smooth muscles and is automatically kept tight closed by the nervous system

107
Q

Bowel movement/defecation

A

The release of feces from your body

108
Q

Flatus

A

gas expelled through the anus

109
Q

Flatulence

A

passing gas

110
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea

A

Caused by drink Unpurified water

111
Q

Regularity

A

Something that happens regularly

112
Q

constipation

A

The condition of less frequent and difficult to pass bowel movements

113
Q

hemorrhoids

A

In large blood vessels in the anus

114
Q

Giardia

A

parasite that can affect the small intestine; a protozoan

115
Q

Pinworms

A

Less than half an inch in length and appear in the feces as thin white threads.

116
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

How many people respond to stress.

117
Q

gluten sensitivity

A

An allergy to the wheat protein called gluten

118
Q

gluten

A

insoluble protein found in wheat

119
Q

celiac disease

A

The gluten damages the intestine by shortening intestinal villi and interfering with absorption

120
Q

Urinary system

A

The humble servant of the body

121
Q

Nephrons

A

Tiny filtration plants

122
Q

Tubule

A

A tiny collecting tube to catch the 20% of fluid that leaks out of the blood

123
Q

Urea

A

A chemical from broken-down amino acids

124
Q

Urine

A

Fluid wastes removed from the body by the kidneys

125
Q

renal pelvis

126
Q

Ureter

A

Eight tube 12 inches long that carries urine away from the kidney to the urinary bladder

127
Q

Electrolytes

A

Salts in the body

128
Q

Hydrated

A

Supplied with plenty of water

129
Q

Dehydration

A

When your body doesn’t have enough water

130
Q

Hypernatremia

A

When there isn’t enough water in your body and it makes your body weak and imbalanced with too much sodium in the blood

131
Q

Hyponatremia

A

low sodium in the blood

132
Q

pH

A

A number that can be from one

133
Q

Kidney stones

A

Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney.

134
Q

Lithotripsy

A

High Sounds like crash the kidney stone

135
Q

urinary bladder

A

A balloon like storage container for urine

136
Q

Urethra

A

A tube between the base of the bladder and the outside surface

137
Q

urinary tract infection

A

Bacterial infection of the urinary system

138
Q

Internist

A

doctor who specializes in internal medicine

139
Q

Adolescent medicine

A

Focuses on young patients

140
Q

geriatrics

A

the care of elderly people

141
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

Cats for people with digestive illnesses

142
Q

Nephrologist

A

Cares for people with kidney disease

143
Q

Urologist

A

Cares for surgical and medical problems in the urinary system

144
Q

Colon and rectal surgeon

A

Cares for conditions affecting the large intestine

145
Q

Incisions

A

surgical cuts into tissue

146
Q

Appendectomy

A

removal of the appendix

147
Q

Endoscopy

A

visual examination within

148
Q

Colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

Apologia Exploring Creation With Health And Nutrition (2nd Edition) (12 decks)

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