Module 11: Let's Move Flashcards
Achondroplasia
A genetic mutation which Limits cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plates of long bones
Aerobic respiration
Respiration that requires oxygen
Arch
A pert that completely encircles the spinal cord
Arthritis
Joints that are inflamed and painful
Articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Articulation
The place where the bones come together; also known as a joint
Bersa
A pocket that is also lined with synovial membrane
Body of the vertebrae
A hefty
Bone spurs
Small projections of bone that can break away and float in the joint capsule
Callus
A swollen area made cartilage
Canaliculi
Tiny channels between the cells
Cartilage
A flexible
Cartilage models
Cartilage that have the same shape as the bone that will eventually replace them
Cast
a non removable support that rigidly holds the bone in place until it heals
Centers of ossification
develop in specific regions of a bone
Central canal
Blood vessels running down the middle of the tube which is called…
Chondroblasts
cartilage forming cells
Chondrocytes
cartilage cells
Closed fracture
A break that is contained entirely within the skin
Collagen
A protein in a mammal’s body
Compact bone
dense
Connective tissue
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts
Contract
To shorten and thicken
Costal cartilage
Spans between the sternum and the upper ribs
costochondritis
An inflammation of the coastal cartilages
Creatine phosphate
acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue
Dislocation
Movement of a bone away from its regular place of articulation to lodge somewhere else
displaced fracture
A break that results in pieces of the bone separate or are crushed or have moved from the original orientation
Dwarfism
Little growth hormones produced
epiphyseal line
When the growth plate seals into a bony ridge
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
Facets
Surfaces that come in contact with the vertebra above
Fascia
Thin mostly transparent sheets of connective tissue
Fine motor control
Helps with precision when drawing or playing instruments
Floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
Foramen
A hole through which the spinal cord passes
Fracture
A break in a bone
Giantism
To much growth hormones produced
Gross motor control
One axon can branch to control hundreds of muscle fibers which all contracted the same time; gives unified strength to the large muscles used in activities
Hematoma
A pool of blood formed by a broken blood vessel
Herniate
Balloon out or swell out
Humorous
The upper bone of the arm
Hydroxyapatite
A type of calcium phosphate
Immobilized
unable to move
Intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribs that help with breathing
Invertebral disks
Pads of fibrocartilage sandwiched between the bodies of the vertebrae
Inverting
Turning it inward too far
Lamellar bone
another name for compact bone
Ligament
A fibrous band that connects one bone with other bones
Matrix
A protein gel
Medullary cavity
The most central part of the long bone
Meniscus
Protects the tibia from the weight transferred to it by the femur
Mitochondria
Tiny organelles pact between the mile febrile’s along with the glycogen granules
Muscle fiber
long slender skeletal muscle cells
Myofibrils
protein structures that make up muscle fibers
Neuromuscular junction
the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
Nondisplaced fracture
When the section of the bone on each side of the break do not separate and do not settle in at an unusual angle
Open fracture
A fracture with a piece of bone protruding through the skin and exposed to the environment
Ossify
to harden into bone
Osteoarthritis
Joint damage or infection breaks down the articular cartilage
osteoblasts
Cells that make matrix for Bone
Osteoclasts
Slowly dissolve ossified cartilage
Osteocytes
bone cells
Parts of the spinal cord
Cervical vertebrae
Periosteum
A thin sheet of connective tissue that covers all the bone except for the surface that extends into the joint
Plantar fasciitis
Inflammation to the fascia in the sole of the foot
Processes
The extension of the vertebrae
Range of motion
The full extent a joint can bend in a certain direction without injury
Red bone marrow
The living manufacturing plant that produces blood cells
Reduced
The bone fragments are realigned in proper relationship
Rehabilitation
Return of a structure to the best possible function
Relax
a lengthening of the muscle when made less tense
Remodeling
Replacing and Reconstructing it based on the weight it bears and the direction the weight is coming from
Rheumatoid arthritis
An auto immune disease; a malfunction of the body’s defense system in which the body attacks its own cells as if they were foreign
RICE
rest
Rupture
Break or burst
Scapula
The large flat bone in the upper back
Sciatica
One sided
Shin splints
A condition where the fascia on the front of the shin is inflamed
Skeletal muscles
muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
Smooth muscles
muscles that act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs
Spina bifida
And incomplete and closure of the vertebra around the spinal cord and its membranes
Splint
a sturdy
Spongy bone
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
Sprain
stretching or tearing of ligaments
Sternum
The sword shaped breast stone in the center of the chest that has several sections
Strain
Set an injury in a tendon or muscle
Stretching
Slowly extending or flexing the joint until it reaches the end of its range and holding that position
Suture
A fixed line that forms after ossification
Synovial fluid
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.
Synovial joint
A joint which allows the two bones to move freely inside a capsule
Synovial membrane
lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
Tendinitis
Cancel inflammation of the tendon
Tendon
A flat serious strap that attaches muscles to bones
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Trabeculae
Bone rods and plates that support the outer compact bone against stress without adding much weight
Woven bone
immature bone
