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HLTH 334 > Module 6: Mental Health > Flashcards

Module 6: Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

define mental health

A

how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life

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2
Q

define good mental health

A

a state of well-being that allows someone to be productive, have fulfilling relationships, cope with difficult circumstances, and adapt to change

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3
Q

are mental and physical health related

A

yes

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4
Q

describe one way that mental health affects physical health

A

being depressed can increase the risk for heart disease

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5
Q

describe one way that physical health affects mental health

A

regular exercise lowers the risk for and symptoms fo depression

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6
Q

why does being depressed increase the risk for heart disease

A
  • less likely to seek and receive care
  • less likely to stick with medications
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7
Q

what is the leading cause of death in the US

A

heart disease

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8
Q

what are symptoms of a panic attack

A
  • sudden onset (acute)
  • increased heart rate
  • increases respiratory rate
  • flushing
  • sweating
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9
Q

why does exercise lower the risk for and symptoms fo depression

A

releases endorphins

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10
Q

how many adult americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year

A
  • 1 in 5
  • 45 million
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11
Q

how many americans will experience some form of mental illness during their lives

A

half

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12
Q

why do people get less mental health care than physical health care

A
  • mental health coverage and access is less than physical health
  • people hesitate to seek mental health help because of culture or stigma
  • it can be hard for people to open up and be vulnerable about their mental health
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13
Q

what affects mental health

A
  • biology
  • social and psychosocial factors
  • stress
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14
Q

describe how biology affects mental health

A
  • some mental illness have genetic components (run in family history)
  • neurotransmitters, hormones, physical health, and other factors can affect mental illnesses and how they are perceived
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15
Q

examples of mental illnesses that have genetic components

A
  • schizophrenia
  • anxiety
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16
Q

what gene codes for mental illnesses

A

we don’t know yet

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17
Q

what neurotransmitters are often linked to mental health

A
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
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18
Q

describe how social and psychosocial factors affect mental health (specifically of women)

A

the way women are treated affects their mental health

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19
Q

define distress

A

bad stress

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20
Q

define eustress

A

good stress

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21
Q

what hormone is often related to stress

A

cortisol

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22
Q

what are some effects of cortisol

A
  • increases stress levels
  • retention of abdominal fat
  • blockage of estrogen
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23
Q

how does chronic stress physically affect the body

A
  • increases blood pressure
  • increases heart rate
  • decreases immune system efficacy
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24
Q

who is more likely to internalize stress: women or men

A

women

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25
Q

describe what it means to internalize stress

A
  • believe it is your fault
  • try to deal with it or fix it on your own
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26
Q

what are the effects of coping with stress in a positive way

A

improves mental health

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27
Q

what mental illnesses are women more likely to have than men

A
  • depression
  • seasonal affective disorder
  • anorexia/bulimia
  • phobias/panic disorder
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28
Q

how much more likely are women to have depression than men

A

2x

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29
Q

how much more likely are women to have seasonal affective disorder than men

A

4x

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30
Q

how much more likely are women to have anorexia/bulimia than men

A

9x

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31
Q

how much more likely are women to have phobias/panic disorder than men

A

2x

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32
Q

what mental illnesses are men more likely to have than women

A
  • schizophrenia
  • antisocial personality disorder
  • attention-deficit disorder
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33
Q

list mood disorders

A
  • depression
  • seasonal affective disorder
  • bipolar disorder
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34
Q

describe depression and seasonal affective disorder

A

persistent and inescapable feelings of sadness, apathy, or both

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35
Q

describe bipolar disorder

A

mood swings from manic to depressive phases

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36
Q

describe manic episodes of bipolar disorder

A
  • euphoria
  • overly stimulated
  • engaging in risky behaviors (drugs, unsafe sex)
  • talk quickly
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37
Q

describe depressive episodes of bipolar disorder

A
  • sadness
  • apathy
  • fatigue
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38
Q

how long are typical episodes of bipolar disorder

A

months long

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39
Q

describe the clinical diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder

A

4 cyclical episodes in 1 year

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40
Q

how many people in the US have bipolar disorder

A
  • 900,000
  • 0.4%
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41
Q

describe the gender differences in bipolar disorder

A
  • men and women are just as likely to have bipolar disorder
  • women are more likely to have extended depressive episodes than men
42
Q

how is bipolar disorder treated

A
  • medications
  • self-medicating (alcohol, sensation seeking)
43
Q

what is a common side effect of bipolar disorder medication

A

feeling emotionally flat (like a zombie)

44
Q

what percent of people will develop depression in their lifetime

A

10-25%

45
Q

how much less serotonin do women have than men

A

up to 50% less

46
Q

treatments for depression

A
  • antidepressant drugs (SSRIs)
  • psychotherapy
  • combination of therapy and drugs
47
Q

what does SSRI stand for

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

48
Q

list anxiety disorder

A
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • phobias
  • panic disorder
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
49
Q

describe generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • stress level always slightly elevated
  • fear around natural disasters (hyperfocus)
50
Q

how many people a year are clinically diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

A

4 million

51
Q

describe phobias

A
  • intense fear of something that poses little risk to you
  • spiders, cotton balls, chewing with mouth open, black cats
52
Q

what percent of the US population has a phobia

A

1-1.5%

53
Q

how are phobias often treated

A

exposure therapy

54
Q

describe panic disorder

A
  • panic attacks characterized by intense fear and physical and emotional distress
  • acute attack lasting 10-15 minutes
  • fight or flight kicking in
55
Q

how many people per year are diagnosed with panic disorder

A

2 million

56
Q

what is the acute rescue medication used for panic attacks

A

xanax

57
Q

describe post-traumatic stress disorder

A
  • occurs after an event that is perceived to be traumatic
  • associated with violence
  • a trigger may remind someone of the traumatic event resulting in panic, depression, violence, or aggression
  • chronic (long-term)
58
Q

how many people in a given year suffer from PTSD

A
  • 1.5 million, but this is likely an extreme underestimate
  • probably closer to 3 million
59
Q

what did PTSD used to be called

A

shell shock

60
Q

when was shell shock changed to PTSD

A

after WWI

61
Q

what triggers can remind someone with PTSD of a traumatic event

A
  • sounds
  • feelings
  • smells
  • sights
62
Q

what are people with PTSD protected by

A

the ADA, allowing them to receive accommodations

63
Q

describe eating disorders

A

physical manifestation of a mental illness

64
Q

list eating disorder

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia nervosa
  • binge eating disorder
  • eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)
65
Q

what percent of the US population suffers from anorexia nervosa

A

0.1%

66
Q

how do people with anorexia nervosa appear

A

very thin

67
Q

symptoms of anorexia nervosa

A
  • self-starvation (few 100 cals per day)
  • intense fear of gaining weight
  • distorted body image
  • absence of 3 consecutive menstrual periods
  • body weight at least 15% below normal weight based on height and age
68
Q

how can you calculate the lowest weight you should be as a female based on height

A
  • start at 5’ = 100 lbs
  • add 5 lbs for every inch
69
Q

why do people with anorexia nervosa experience amenorrhea

A

they have less body which lowers the estrogen in the body because estrogen is fat soluble

70
Q

what is the clinical diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa

A
  • absence of 3 consecutive menstrual periods
  • body weight at least 15% below normal weight based on height and age
71
Q

what percent of the US population has bulimia nervosa

A

0.9%

72
Q

what percent of women in college have bulimia nervosa

A

3%

73
Q

how many calories is considered a binge

A

2000-3000 calories in 1 sitting

74
Q

how do people with bulimia nervosa appear

A

normal/average weight

75
Q

what is the most common form of purging

A

vomiting

76
Q

list forms of purging

A
  • vomiting
  • exercise
  • laxatives
77
Q

symptoms of bulimia nervosa

A
  • recurrent episodes of bingeing and purging
  • feeling out of control during a binge
  • purging after a binge
  • extreme concern with body weight and shape
78
Q

what is a secondary issue with bulimia nervosa resulting from vomiting

A

issues with oral health (tooth loss, gum decay, oral sores)

79
Q

what is the clinical diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa

A

2 episodes per week for 3 consecutive weeks

80
Q

what percent of the US population has binge eating disorder

A

1.5%

81
Q

how do people with binge eating disorder appear

A

obese or morbidly obese

82
Q

describe binge eating disorder

A

compulsive overeating without purging

83
Q

at least 3 of the following symptoms are needed for a clinical diagnosis of binge eating disorder:

A
  • rapid, continuous eating (thousands of calories)
  • eating when not physically hungry
  • eating when alone
  • eating beyond the point of comfort
  • feeling self-disgust after a binge
84
Q

describe EDNOS (eating disorders not otherwise specified)

A

catch-all category for eating disorders that don’t meet the clinical criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or BED

85
Q

what percent of the US population has EDNOS

A

4-6%

86
Q

what is the difference between an eating disorder and disordered eating

A
  • eating disorder is a clinical diagnosis in the DSM 5
  • disordered eating is a general unhealthy relationship with food that doesn’t meet any eating disorder criteria
87
Q

how many middle school girls of normal weight go on a diet

A

1/3

88
Q

is self-injury considered a suicide attempt

A

no

89
Q

synonyms for self-injury

A
  • self-inflicted violence
  • self-injurious behavior
  • self-mutilation
90
Q

describe self-injury

A
  • deliberate injury to one’s own body that causes tissue damage or leaves a mark for more than a few minutes
  • done to cope with an overwhelming or distressing situation
91
Q

why do people self-injure

A
  • deal with emotional distress
  • injury releases endorphins
  • mind focuses on the physical pain
92
Q

list forms of self-injury

A
  • cutting (usually where others can’t see)
  • pinching skin
  • pulling hair
  • ingesting chemicals
93
Q

what is self-injury linked to

A
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • eating disorders
94
Q

why is it hard to get data on self-injury

A

people don’t talk about it or show others

95
Q

define suicidal ideation

A

having a plan for suicide

96
Q

what gender is more likely to suffer from suicidal ideation

A

women

97
Q

what percent of suicide completions are men

A

80%

98
Q

why are men more likely to complete suicide

A

men use more violent and quick methods

99
Q

what is the number 1 way that men complete suicide

A

gun

100
Q

what methods do women usually use to complete suicide

A
  • pills
  • poisonings
101
Q

list risk factors for suicide

A
  • adverse life events combined with depression
  • prior suicide attempt
  • family history of mental disorder or substance abuse
  • family history of suicide
  • family violence, including physical or sexual abuse
  • firearms in home
  • incarceration

HLTH 334 (6 decks)

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