Module 6 (Making Life Work) Flashcards
Energy is required to do the work of the cell which includes:
Movement, growth, pump ions, and perform reactions needed for cellular function, etc.
Phototroph
Obtain energy from the sun (plants are the most common)
Chemotroph
Obtains energy from chemical compounds (animals are the most common)
Autotroph
An organism that can convert CO2 into glucose
Heterotroph
An organism that is unable to convert CO2, they must ingest other organisms/molecules for a source of carbon
Metabolism
Chemical processes that occur in a living organism to maintain life
Anabolism
Building of molecules from smaller units, requires an input of energy
Catabolism
Breakdown of molecules into smaller units, produces energy
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, energy is found in phosphate bonds (weak bonds=more potential energy)
Potential Energy
Energy that is not associated with movement but is stored
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Chemical Energy
Chemical bonds between pairs of atoms in a molecule
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it is converted from one form to another
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Events in the universe have direction -> they proceed from a higher energy state to a lower energy state
Entropy
The measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work (energy that is lost)
Free Energy (ΔG)
The amount of energy in a system available to do work (Gibbs Free Energy), difference between the reactants and products of a chemical process
Endergonic Reaction
Thermodynamically unfavourable, ΔG is positive, needs input of energy (products have more free energy than reactants)
Exergonic Reaction
Thermodynamically favourable, ΔG is negative, releases energy (reactants have more free energy than the products)
(Delta)H
Total energy (enthalpy)
(Delta) G
Energy available to do work
S
Energy lost to entropy or disorder
T
Absolute temperature in Kelvin
ATP Hydrolysis
Exergonic reaction, creates ADP (when ATP reacts with H2O)
Activation Energy
The kinetic energy needed to start the reaction (break bonds)
