Module 6 (Making Life Work)

Question 1

Energy is required to do the work of the cell which includes:

Answer 1

Movement, growth, pump ions, and perform reactions needed for cellular function, etc.

Question 2

Phototroph

Answer 2

Obtain energy from the sun (plants are the most common)

Question 3

Chemotroph

Answer 3

Obtains energy from chemical compounds (animals are the most common)

Question 4

Autotroph

Answer 4

An organism that can convert CO2 into glucose

Question 5

Heterotroph

Answer 5

An organism that is unable to convert CO2, they must ingest other organisms/molecules for a source of carbon

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Chemical processes that occur in a living organism to maintain life

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

Building of molecules from smaller units, requires an input of energy

Question 8

Catabolism

Answer 8

Breakdown of molecules into smaller units, produces energy

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Adenosine triphosphate, energy is found in phosphate bonds (weak bonds=more potential energy)

Question 10

Potential Energy

Answer 10

Energy that is not associated with movement but is stored

Question 11

Kinetic Energy

Answer 11

Energy of motion

Question 12

Chemical Energy

Answer 12

Chemical bonds between pairs of atoms in a molecule

Question 13

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 13

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it is converted from one form to another

Question 14

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 14

Events in the universe have direction -> they proceed from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

Question 15

Entropy

Answer 15

The measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work (energy that is lost)

Question 16

Free Energy (ΔG)

Answer 16

The amount of energy in a system available to do work (Gibbs Free Energy), difference between the reactants and products of a chemical process

Question 17

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 17

Thermodynamically unfavourable, ΔG is positive, needs input of energy (products have more free energy than reactants)

Question 18

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 18

Thermodynamically favourable, ΔG is negative, releases energy (reactants have more free energy than the products)

Question 19

(Delta)H

Answer 19

Total energy (enthalpy)

Question 20

(Delta) G

Answer 20

Energy available to do work

Question 21

S

Answer 21

Energy lost to entropy or disorder

Question 22

T

Answer 22

Absolute temperature in Kelvin

Question 23

ATP Hydrolysis

Answer 23

Exergonic reaction, creates ADP (when ATP reacts with H2O)

Question 24

Activation Energy

Answer 24

The kinetic energy needed to start the reaction (break bonds)

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

Decrease activation energy needed to start reaction

Question 26

Active site

Answer 26

Place on an enzyme where the substrate binds and converts it into a product

Question 27

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 27

A inhibitor binds to the active site, blocking the substrate from binding

Question 28

Allosteric Inhibition

Answer 28

An allosteric inhibitor binds to an alternative site, which changes the shape of the active site

Question 29

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 29

Where the resulting product of a series of reactions is an inhibitor for the first reaction (negative feedback loop)