module 6 -cognitive and physical development in early life

Question 1

what milestone motor development is 18-24 months?

Answer 1

gross - run, walks well, climb stairs, unscrew jar
fine - show hand preference, stack4-6 blocks

Question 2

what milestone motor development is 2-3 years?

Answer 2

gross - run easily, climbs on furniture unaided, hauls big toys around obstacles
fine - pick up small objects, throws a ball while standing

Question 3

what milestone motor development is 3-4 yrs?

Answer 3

gross - walk upstairs one foot per step, skips, walks on tippy toes, pedals/steers trike
fine - catches ball between arms, cuts with scissors, holds pencil

Question 4

what milestone motor development is 4-5 yrs?

Answer 4

gross - walk up and down stairs (one foot per step), run, walk on tippy toes
fine - strikes ball with bat, kicks and catches ball, threads beads on a sting

Question 5

what milestone motor development is 5-6 yrs?

Answer 5

gross - skips with alternate feet, walks in a line, swings
fine - ball games (well), threads needle and sew large stitches

Question 6

what is lateralization?

Answer 6

the R and L cerebral cortex communicate developing to their full potential

Question 7

what connects the L and R brain?

Answer 7

the corpus callosum

Question 8

is language the L or R brain?

Answer 8

left

Question 9

is creativity the L or R brain?

Answer 9

right

Question 10

is logic and analysis the L or R brain?

Answer 10

left

Question 11

is creativity, art, and music the L or R brain?

Answer 11

right

Question 12

what is handedness?

Answer 12

the strong preference of one hand

Question 13

how much sleep do 3-5 yr olds need?

Answer 13

10-13 hrs

Question 14

what are obesogenic environments?

Answer 14

those in which social influences and context contribute to obesity

Question 15

what are the 5 adverse childhood experiences?

Answer 15

neglect, intimate partner violence, physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, sexual abuse

Question 16

what are the risk factors to ACEs?

Answer 16

sociocultural factors, characteristics of a child, characteristics of the abuser, household stress

Question 17

what is PIagets preoperational stage?

Answer 17

glass of 2 different shapes, think they are different size even if theres the same amount of liquid

Question 18

what is egocentrism?

Answer 18

the belief that everyone sees and experiences the world the way they do

Question 19

what is centration?

Answer 19

child thinks of the world in terms of 1 variable at a time

Question 20

what is conservation?

Answer 20

the understanding that matter can change in quantity

Question 21

what is flavells stage 1 of egocentrism and perspective taking?

Answer 21

2-3 yrs… child knows that others experience things differently

Question 22

what is flavells stage 2 of egocentrism and perspective taking?

Answer 22

4-5 yrs… child develops rules to figure out what the other person experiences

Question 23

how does the ToM develop with a 10 month old?

Answer 23

understanding that people operate with goals

Question 24

how does ToM develop with a 3 yr old?

Answer 24

some aspects of the link between peoples thinking, feeling, and behaviour

Question 25

how does the ToM develop in a 4 yr old?

Answer 25

understand that actions are based on their representation of reality

Question 26

how does ToM develop in a 4-5 yr old?

Answer 26

cant understand that people are thinking about them

Question 27

how does ToM develop in a 5-7 yr old?

Answer 27

understand the reciprocal nature of thought

Question 28

how does Tom develop in a 6 yr old?

Answer 28

understand most knowledge can be derived from inference

Question 29

what is short term storage space (STSS)?

Answer 29

there is a limit to the number of schemes (different connections between objects) that can be attended to

Question 30

what is operational efficiency?

Answer 30

refers to the max number of schemes (differnet connections between objects) that can be processed in working memory at one time… increases with age

Question 31

what is metamemory?

Answer 31

the ability to control and reflect on ones own memory

Question 32

what is metacognition?

Answer 32

ability to control and reflect on ones own thought process

Question 33

how many words can a child speak at…
1 yr
2½ yrs
5-6 yrs

Answer 33

dozen
600
15000

Question 34

what is fastmapping?

Answer 34

the ability to categorically link new words to real word referents

Question 35

how does grammar change over language development?

Answer 35

inflections - adding -ing to change meaning
questions/negatives - set of rules that doesnt match adult speech
overregulization - using rules when they dont apply
complex sentences - using conjunctions to combine 3 ideas

Question 36

what is numeracy?

Answer 36

ability to use numbers

Question 37

what is the first tests?

Answer 37

the first modern intelligence test published in 1905

Question 38

what is the intelligence quotient?

Answer 38

score computed by comparing the childs chronological age with mental age

Question 39

what does IQ do?

Answer 39

do a fairly good job at predicting success in school
stable across time
has several limitations (cultural bias)

Question 40

what are the 5 domains of readiness?

Answer 40

language and communication
academic skill
self regulation of learning
self control/behaviour
social competence and independence

Question 41

what do girls do better with than boys?

Answer 41

communication
symbol use
attention
self control
independence

Question 42

what do boys do better than girls?

Answer 42

curiosity

Question 43

what is the reaction range?

Answer 43

the range between upper and lower boundaries (Intelligence)