Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

lifespan > module 3 - theories of development > Flashcards

module 3 - theories of development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 influential families of developmental psychology?

A

biological, evolutionary, 3 psychology theories, systems theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the foundation for the evolutionary theory?

A

nature vs nurture (epigenetics), natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many chromosomes does a human cell have?

A

46, 23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a genotype?

A

genetic material on an individuals DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a phenotype?

A

the visual characteristic presenting from the gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do epigenetic markers do?

A

regulate gene expression (the phenotype)… when the epigenetic marker is looser the gene is expressed, more compact it is not seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the evolutionary theories try to express?

A

explain our differences as individuals come in species, focus on nature vs nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 evolutionary theories?

A

ethology, behaviour genetics, evolutionary psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the ethology theory?

A

survival skills evolve through natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the behaviour genetics theory?

A

traits are influenced by genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the evolutionary psychology theory?

A

cognitive and social traits evolve through natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are psychoanalytic theories? (Sigmund Freud)

A

believe developmental changes happen due to the influences of internal drives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the id?

A

the libido, drives for pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the superego?

A

moral judgment of our personality (contains norms and values)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the ego?

A

the thinking part of our personality, monitors the id and superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are Freuds 5 psychosexual stages? what is the explanation?

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
though the process of maturation, requires the satisfaction of each need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is Erikson’s psychosocial theory

A

believed development occurred throughout the entire lifespan and there are 8 “dilemmas”

18
Q

what are the 8 dilemmas of Erikson’s theory?

A

0-1 trust vs mistrust
1-3 Autonomy vs shame
3-6 initiative vs guilt
6-12 Industry vs inferiority
12-18 Identity vs role confusion
18-30 Intimacy vs isolation
30-late adulthood generatively vs stagnation
late adulthood - integrity vs despair

19
Q

who coined the term self-actualization? what is it?

A

Abraham Maslow
the ultimate goal in human life, completing goals you desire to

20
Q

who studied the capacity of each of us becoming a “fully functioning person”?

A

Carl Rogers

21
Q

what is the main learning theory? what is it?

A

behaviourism, behaviour changes based on a process called conditioning

22
Q

what is classical conditioning? who coined it?

A

by Ivan Pavlov, conditioning someone to do something when there is a stimulus

23
Q

what is operant conditioning? who coined it?

A

by BF Skinner, learning to repeat or stop behaviours based on reinforcements and punishments

24
Q

what is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

A

positive reinforcement is rewarding behaviour or adding a “positive punishment” to encourage the action
negative reinforcement is adding an unpleasant consequence to deter the action

25
Q

what is positive punishment?

A

adding something unpleasawnt, scolding

26
Q

what is negative punishment?

A

removing something pleasant

27
Q

what is partial reinforcement?

A

reinforcing sometimes but not always

28
Q

what is Piagets cognitive developmental theory?

A

followed a sequence of development through naturalistic observation, theory describes the internal cognitive structure of an individual using schemes

29
Q

what were piagets 3 concepts to explain cognitive development?

A

assimilation - applying schemes to experiences
accommodation - changing the scheme as a result of new information
equilibrium - balancing assimilation and accommodation

30
Q

what were piagets 4 stages of cognitive development?

A

birth-18months - sensorimotor
18 months-6yrs - pre-operational
6-12yrs - concrete operational
12+yrs - formal operational

31
Q

what is the information processing theory?

A

using a computer as a model of human thinking (includes encoding, storage, and retrieval)

32
Q

what is Vygorsky’s sociocultural theory?

A

says there’s complex forms of thinking that have their own origins in social interactions… using scaffolding

33
Q

what is the zone of proximal development?

A

zone of skills a child cant complete on their own but can complete with guidance from an adult

34
Q

what is Bandura’s socio-cognitive theory?

A

states that learning doesnt always require reinforcement and we can sometimes learn from watching

35
Q

what is bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory?

A

explains development in terms of relationships and their environemnt

36
Q

what are the 4 layers of bronfenbrenners bioecological theory?

A

macrosystem, exosystem, microsystem, individual context

37
Q

what does the macrosystem contain?

A

contains values, and beliefs of ones culture, ex: education culture

38
Q

what does the exosystem contain?

A

institutions of the culture that affect a child’s development indirectly, ex: parents workplace, matt leave to bond with a child

39
Q

what is the microsystem?

A

variables children are exposed to directly, also contains the mesosystem, ex: school, family, friends, ect

40
Q

what is the mesosystem?

A

interconnections between microsystems

41
Q

what is the individual context?

A

the innermost circle of a childs life

42
Q

what is the ecobiodevelopmental theory?

A

the approach in creating early childhood policies, interventions, and practices… aimed at health promotion and disease prevention

lifespan (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions