module 6 cloning and biotech

Question 1

natural vegetative propagation examples

Answer 1

bulbs
tubers
runners
suckers

Question 2

how to take plant cuttings

Answer 2

use sharp secateurs or scalpel and remove a piece
remove any leaves from lower end
Dip in rooting powder
put in suitable growth medium

Question 3

outline tissue culture

Answer 3

cells are taken from stem or roots which contains stem cells (explant)
they are sterilized
explant put left in a sterilized culture medium containing plant hormones
the cells form a mass known as a callus
individual cells are taken and out in separate culture mediums
they from identical plantlets that can be planted in soil

Question 4

pros and cons of tissue culture

Answer 4

pros
all have desirable chacrteherics
can be done any season
more plants less space
quicker than normal plant growth
cons
all have undesirable characteristics
no genetic variation
high costs

Question 5

what is micropropagation

Answer 5

tissue culture on a large scale to create entire field of genetic identical plants (monoculture)

Question 6

why might you use tissue culture

Answer 6

endangered plants that cant reproduce easily
grow whole plants from GM cells

Question 7

outline artificial embryo twinning

Answer 7

fertilized egg removed and placed in a Petri dish
while cells are still totipotent in the early embryo phase
it is split to form smaller embryos which are grown in labs
implanted into the surrogate mother

Question 8

outline Somatic Cell Nuculuer Transfer

Answer 8

a somatic cell is extracted and its nucleus removed
an oocyte is extracted and is enucleated
fused together using electro fusion so it contains the first sheep genetic material
implanted in surrogate mother

Question 9

pros and cons of animal cloning

Answer 9

pros
all have desirable characteristics
increase populations
cloned at any time of the year
work on new treatments for diseases
cons
difficult,time consuming, expensive
no genetic variation
ethical concerns

Question 10

pros and cons of animal cloning

Answer 10

pros
all have desirable characteristics
increase populations
cloned at any time of the year
work on new treatments for diseases
cons
difficult, time-consuming, expensive
no genetic variation
ethical concerns

Question 11

pros and cons of animal cloning

Answer 11

pros
all have desirable characteristics
increase populations
cloned at any time of the year
work on new treatments for diseases
cons
difficult, time-consuming, expensive
no genetic variation
ethical concerns

Question 12

how are enzymes immobilized

Answer 12

aDsorbed to inorganic carrier
entrapment in a matrix
covalent/ionic bond to inorganic carrier