Module 2 Flashcards

Question

outline test for protein

Answer 1

biuret test add NaOH to make the solution alkaline then add copper(II) sulfate solution if proteins present it will turn purple no proteins present it will stay blue

Answer 2

emulsion test add ethanol and shake then pour into water milky color is positive

Answer 3

add benedicts solution and heat if positive a colored precipitate will form blue, green, yellow, orange, red the darker the more positive

Answer 4

add dilute HCL and heat slowly then add sodium hydrogen carbonate after reached a boil colored precipitate indicates positive test

Answer 5

purine: two carbon rings joined together: adenine and guanine pyrimidine: single carbon ring made up of cytosine and thymine

Answer 6

break cells down in a blender make a detergent solution (washing up liquid, salt, and distilled water) mix and heat at 60c for 15 minutes then put in an ice bath to cool down filter the mixture add protease and RNase enzymes slowly add cold ethanol white precipitate will form

Answer 7

the detergent breaks down cell membranes salt binds to DNA and clumps it together

Answer 8

stop enzymes in the cell from working breaking down the DNA helix

Answer 9

Helicase breaks down hydrogen bonds to unzip the helix exposed bases and joined by free-floating nucleotides that are complementary DNA polymerase joins new strands together

Answer 10

RNA polymerase breaks down hydrogen bonds uncoiling the helix RNA polymerase lines up free nucleotides next to the template DNA strand original strand reforms and mRNA strand forms once RNA polymerase reaches a codon it detaches from DNA and mRNA leaves the nucleus via nuclear pores

Answer 11

mRNA attaches to a ribosome tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes tRNA molecules with an anticodon bind to mRNA codon the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand and rRNa catalyzes the formation of peptide bond this is continuous until stop codon is reached

Answer 12

phosphodiester

Answer 13

Q10 =rate at higher temperature/rate at a lower temperature it is used to see how much the rate has changed in 10 degrees

Answer 14

a small, organic, nonprotein molecule that binds to the active site for a short period of time they are changed in the reaction vitamin b3

Answer 15

a permanent coenzyme that is essential for an enzyme to function fe2+ in hemaglobin

Answer 16

DNA is replicated organelles are replicated ATP content is increased

Answer 17

Chromosomes condense getting shorter and fatter centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell spindle fibers form nuclear envelope breaks down

Answer 18

chromones line up along the middle of the cell spindle fibers attach to chromones centromere

Answer 19

centromeres divide separating sister chromatids spindles contract and pull chromatids to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 20

chromatids reach the poles of the cell they uncoil and become long and thin chromosomes again nuclear envelope forms around new chromosomes

Answer 21

G1 checkpoint: cell checks all the chemicals needed for replication are there G2 checkpoint: cell checks whether DNA has been replicated without damage metaphase checkpoint: cell check whether all chromosomes are attached to spindle

Answer 22

gametes are egg and sperm cells that are made in meiosis two gametes form zygotes which divide into a new organism

Answer 23

known as the reduction phase as chromones are halved homologous pairs line up in the middle and PMAT occurs similarly to mitosis In the end two haploid daughter cells are formed

Answer 24

two haploid daughter cells undergo PMAT and cytokinesis in anaphase, 2 sister chromatids are separated each new daughter cell inherits one chromatid from each chromosome to form 4 genetically different gametes

Answer 25

during prophase 1 chromatids twist around each other and contain the same genes but different alleles

Answer 26

when homologous pairs line up in metaphase 1 it is random which side the paternal and maternal chromosomes are so 4 daughter cells have different combinations of paternal and maternal chromones