module 4 Flashcards
3 types of plant chemical defences
ligins, callose
saponins (antimicrobial)
what is a lysosome
organelle that contains digestive enzymes
what is a phagosome
type of vesicle used to trap pathogens in phagocytes
what are cytokines
messenger molecule to attract neutrophils to a wound
three functions of antibodies
agglutination
neutralizing toxins (opsonization)
prevent pathogen binding to human cells
example of bacterium diseases humans and plants
tuberculosis, bacterial meningitis (humans)
ring rot (potato)
example of virus diseases humans and plants
HIV, covid 19, influenza (animals)
tobacco mosaic virus (plants)
example of fungus diseases humans and plants
ringworm, athletes foot
black Sigatoka (bannana)
example of protoctist diseases humans and plants
malaria
potato late blight
role of plasma lymphocytes
producing lots of antibodies
name of bond that holds together light and heavy chains of an antibody
disulfide
what features of pathogens are altered by mutation affect immune response
shape of proteins
outline response to unfamiliar bacterium for producing antibodies
phagocytes digest and become antigen-presenting cells
detected by specific receptors in b lycophytes
the cell divides by mitosis
to form plasma cells that produce antibodies
why are there more antibodies in the secondary response
memory cells not in first response
memory cells provide a faster clonal selection and expansion
the pathogen that causes malaria
plasmodium
