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Biology > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Two chemical plant defences

A

Callose deposited between cell walls and members to stop spread

Lignin strengths callose barrier

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2
Q

Negatives of overuse of antibiotics

A

Gene pool has variation
Some stronger than others
Strong ones survive and pass down genes
Increased resistance

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3
Q

How can scientists determine age of a extinct organism

A

Fossil

How deep they found it

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4
Q

How do biological molecules prove species have evolved

A

Similarity in DNA sequence
Closer the more related
Similarities in cyctocrome c amino acid sequence

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5
Q

How can you Reduce uncertainty of a test

A

More precise apparatus

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6
Q

What do goblin cells do

A

Releases mucus

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7
Q

What heart condition has a more waves more quickly on a ecg

A

Fibrillation if extreme

Tachycardia if fast

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8
Q

What has a higher pressure

Systemic or pulmonary circulation

A

Systemic

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9
Q

What is a definition of a co enzyme

A

A non protein organic molecule
That isn’t permanently attached
That is need for the enzyme to function

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10
Q

Why would you use a root tip cell for looking at mitosis

A

Site of growth and repair

Contains meristems

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11
Q

What stain would you use to highlight a nucleus

A

Methyl blue

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12
Q

Why is it named fluid mosaic model

A

Phospo lipid bilayer
Hydrophilic Heads facing outward
Proteins arranged randomly

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13
Q

Why can’t inorganic ions travel through plasma membrane

A

Non polar and therefore can’t travel through

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14
Q

Describe structure of ATP

A

Adenosine
Bonded to ribose
And three phosphates

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15
Q

What cell component is in all living organisms

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Two features of eukarya

A

Nucleus

Membrane bound organelles

17
Q

What are the functions of enzymes in dna replication

A

DNA ligase

DNA helicase
Splits double helix

DNA polymerase
Forms di-Ester bonds

18
Q

How is rate of reaction calculated

A

1÷Time

19
Q

What bond is formed between alpha glucose and fructose

A

1-6 glycosidic bond

20
Q

How can you increase confidence in results

A

Repeat test

Calculate mean Average

21
Q

functions of triglycerides in organisms

A

Energy storage
Physical protection
Buoyancy

22
Q

What bond is between phosphate and deoxyribose in DNA nucleotide

A

Phoso di ester

23
Q

Similaritys and differences of DNA nucleotides and ATP

A

Both contain phosphate groups
Both contain adenosine

ATP has 2 extra phosphates
ATP has ribose

24
Q

What is Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive processes
Where larger water soluble molecules that can’t pass via simple diffusion
Chanel land carrier proteins bond via active site to allow entry to the cell

25
Q

How do channel and carrier proteins work

A

Chanel proteins form pores specific to ion or molecule

Carrier protein change shape once molecule is attached to allow into membrane (flip flop mechanism)

26
Q

What is meiosis

A

A form of cell division
That forms 4 genetically different haploid cells
With half the number of chromosomes

27
Q

role of opsonins

A

help phagocytes bond to pathogens

28
Q

what is a neutrophil and its characteristics

A

type of white blood cell
multi lobed nucleus
lots of lysosomes

29
Q

uses of stem cells in research

A

to test new drugs on specific tissues
to test side affects on new drugs
to test why some cells stop working and turn inti cancer cells
embryology

30
Q

difference between alpha/beta glucose

A

alpha glucose has H up and OH down on carbon 1 atom

31
Q

Three characteristics of fibrous proteins

A

strong, unreactive and insoluble

32
Q

biuret test

A

test for proteins
blue to purple color change
NaOH and CuSO4 solution

33
Q

test for reducing sugars

A

benedicts reagent
heat to 80C
red/orange precipatate

34
Q

test for starch

A

iodine solution
turns blue/black

Biology (11 decks)

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