module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

vital capacity

A

the maximum air volume
inhaled/exhaled one breath

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2
Q

how are gills adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

lots of lamellae
secondary lamella
short distance between blood and water
causing a gradient
countercurrent flow

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3
Q

why does tissue fluid not contain erythrocytes

A

gaps between endothelium are to small
erythrocytes to big

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4
Q

role of hemoglobin in transporting oxygen

A

1 haemoglobin has high affinity for oxygen

2 oxygen binds to haemoglobin in,
lungs /alveoli / high pO2

3 oxyhaemoglobin
4 oxygen released, in tissues where pO2 is low / where
respiration is occurring

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5
Q

equation for carbon dioxide to hydrogen carbonate ions

A

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3-

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6
Q

how are hydrogencarbonate ions produced from carbon dioxide

A

CO2 diffuses into erythrocytes
and reacts with water
to form carbonic acid
which dissociates into HCO3 ions

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7
Q

what is Bohr shift

A

high CO2 conc causes reduced affinity for oxygen in hemoglobin
as H+ ions form hemaglobnic aicd
which alters hb shape
causing O2 to be released on areas with high CO2

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8
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Pick up oxygen

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9
Q

what does the Systemic circuit do

A

Deliver oxygen around the body

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10
Q

Why is a single circulatory system less effective

A

As blood flows through gill capillaries, overall pressure decreases
Speed of flow decreases
Blood flowing to body will have a lower pressure and flow slower

Rate at which O2 and nutrients are delivered to respiring tissue and waste removed is limited

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11
Q

Tissues in artery

A

Folded endothelium
Elastic fibres
Smooth muscle
Collagen fibres

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12
Q

Function of arterioles

A

Link arteries and capillaries

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13
Q

Structure of veins

A

Larger lumen - allow lower pressure, reduces resistance to flow
Endothelium
Elastic fibres
Smooth muscle
Collagen fibres

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14
Q

Advantages of a closed circulatory system

A

High pressure so blood flows more rapidly
More rapid delivery of oxygen and nutrients
More rapid removal of carbon dioxide and other waste
Transport is independent of body movement

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15
Q

Role of vascular cambium

A

Responsible for secondary growth and contains meristematic tissue

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16
Q

definition of health

A

a state of mental and physical well being with the absence of disease