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Biology > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the three methods a cell can use to eliminate a substance?

A

Excretion, egestion, secretion.

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1
Q

What are the 3 functions cells must perform?

A

Absorption, Digestion, Excretion.

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2
Q

What are 2 main funtions cells need to exist?

A

Homeostasis, and reproduction?

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4
Q

What are the 2 lesser functions cells need to exist?

A

Movement and irratability.

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5
Q

What is cytology?

A

The study of cells.

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6
Q

What organelles are in an animal cell?

A

Secretion vesicle, centrioles, Golgi Body, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), vacuole, mitochondrian, lysosome.

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7
Q

What organelles are in a plant cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondrian, chloroplast, central vacuole, leucoplast, Golgi Body, vacuole, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), smooth ER, ribosomes, cytoplasm.

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8
Q

What organelles do plant cells and animal cells have in common?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), vacuole, Golgi body.

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9
Q

What organelles are specific to animal cells?

A

Lysosomes, and centrioles.

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9
Q

What kingdom’s cells have cell walls?

A

Plant and bacteria cells.

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10
Q

What organelles are specific to plant cells?

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and the central vacuole.

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11
Q

What are cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose and pectin.

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12
Q

What are pores in cell walls used for?

A

Nutrition and waste product secretion.

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13
Q

Name two special characteristics relating to cell walls found in some cells.

A

Secondary cell walls, and middle lamella.

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14
Q

What is the middle lamella?

A

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.

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15
Q

Which kingdom’s cells have plasma membrane?

A

Animal and plant cells.

16
Q

What is the outermost layer in animal cells?

A

The plasma membrane.

17
Q

Are cell walls solid or semipermeable?

A

Semipermeable.

18
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

19
Q

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

A

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cells’s content.

20
Q

What are mitochondria, and what are they responsible for?

A

They are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for reproduction.

21
Q

What are the two main functions of the lysosome?

A

They are responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids, AND they are the cleaning crew, breaking down old worn out organelles.

22
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They are responsible for protein synthesis (biosynthesis.)

23
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

It runs throughout the cytoplasm to maintain the cell’s shape, and it aids in the transport of complex molecules.

24
Q

What does the rough ER specialize in?

A

Protein synthesis.

25
Q

What does the smooth ER specialize in?

A

It makes lipids, and inactivates harmful byproducts of digestion and respiration and sends them to the plasmd membrane to be ejected.

26
Q

What are the two main type of plastids, and what do they do?

A

Leucoplasts, which store starches, and Chromoplasts, which are used in photosynthesis.

27
Q

What are chloroplasts, and what are they filled with?

A

A catalyst for photosynthesis, which is filled with stroma; a fluid inside chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place.

28
Q

What does the central vacuole do?

A

It contains a high concentration of solutes, causing water to flow in through osmosis, the turgor pressure keeping the cell rigid.

29
Q

What are the three types of vacuoles, and what do they do?

A

Central- keeps cell rigid by holding water
Waste- waste products of digestion (nontoxic)
Phagocytic- food substance too large

30
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Small vacuoles.

31
Q

What does a pinocytic vesicle do?

A

It is formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules.

32
Q

What does a secretion vesicle do?

A

It holds secretion products to be transported to plasma membrane and released.

33
Q

Golgi Bodies- what do they look like, what do they do, and what are they called?

A

They look like flattened interconnected pancakes, they store and change proteins and lipids into whatever the cell needs, they’re a sort of “mailing service.”

34
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

They form flagella or cilia in cells with microtubules, and help with asexual reproduction.

35
Q

What is the nuclear membrane?

A

A highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

36
Q

What are chromatin?

A

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

37
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

It makes RNA.

38
Q

Is there another place where DNA is stored? What type of proteins does it make?

A

DNA is also stored in the mitochondrian. It’s mainly for producing proteins for respiration.

Biology (9 decks)

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