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Biology > Module 5 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Module 5 pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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2
Q

What 4 things does photosynthesis require?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.

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3
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen.

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4
Q

What are 2 ways to speed up a reaction?

A
  1. The reaction could be performed at a higher temperature, or 2. Use a catalyst.
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5
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction, but is not used up in the process.

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6
Q

What is an organic molecule?

A

A molecule that contains only carbon and one of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus.

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7
Q

What is biosynthesis, and an example of it?

A

When a living organism takes small molecules and makes larger molecules. Example: Photosynthesis.

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8
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Organic molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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9
Q

What do carbohydrates and water have in common?

A

They both have the same ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms: 2:1.

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10
Q

What is an example of carbohydrates and its chemical formula?

A

Glucose: C6H12O6

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11
Q

What does the structural formula do?

A

It gives the type and number of atoms and which are linked to which.

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12
Q

What do chemical bonds do?

A

They link atoms together in a molecule.

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13
Q

What are a couple variations from the typical chemical bond?

A

Double bonds and triple bonds.

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14
Q

What are isomers?

A

2 different molecules that have the same chemical formula.

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15
Q

How are glucose and fructose different?

A

Glucose and fructose both have similar chemical formulas, but they have different structural formulas.

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16
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple carbohydrates that contain 3-10 carbon atoms.

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17
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of 2 monosaccharides.

18
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of 2+ monosaccharides.

19
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.

20
Q

How are disaccharides and polysaccharides formed?

A

Monosaccharides combine to make disaccharides and polysaccharides through a dehydration reaction.

21
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water. The reverse of dehydration.

22
Q

How do polysaccharides and disaccharides become monosaccharides?

A

Through hydrolysis.

23
Q

What are two major groups in organic acids and bases?

A

The acid group and amine group.

24
Q

What does an acid group look like?

A

O
||
C – OH

25
Q

What are the 3 areas on the pH scale and their locations?

A

Neutral (7), acidic (0 - just below 7), alkaline (14 - just above 7).

26
Q

What is another name for lipids?

A

Fats, which are all hydrophobic..

27
Q

What does the term hydrophobic mean?

A

Lacking any affinity to water.

28
Q

What is a saturated fat?

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

29
Q

What is an unsaturated fat?

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

30
Q

What is the equation for making a lipid molecule + 3 water molecules (no chemical formulas or structures needed)?

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules -> A lipid (fat) molecule + 3 water molecules.

31
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Mostly made from carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus and sulfur.

32
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

33
Q

What determines the type of protein?

A

The type of atoms, the number of atoms, and the order determines the type of protein.

34
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A special class of proteins that act as catalysts through the use of lock and key action.

35
Q

What is DNA’s full name?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

36
Q

What is DNA’s shape?

A

A double helix.

37
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Chemical units known as nucleotides.

38
Q

What are the 3 basic components of nucleotides?

A

Deoxyribose, phosphate group (phosporus, hydrogen, and oxygen), and nucleotide base.

39
Q

What are nucleotide bases main components?

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

40
Q

What do nucleotide bases do?

A

They are responsible for the way DNA stores information.

41
Q

Which of nucleotide bases chemical pair up with which?

A

Cytosine to guanine. Adenine to thymine.

42
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms- keeps DNA in double helix.

Biology (9 decks)

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