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Finals Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

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1
Q

What is a statocyst?

A

The organ of balance in a crustacean.

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1
Q

Name the structures listed in the figure.

A

a. Amniotic Fluid
b. Embryo
c. Amnion
d. Allantois
e. Chorion
f. Yolk Sac
g. Yolk
h. Albumen
i. Shell

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1
Q

What do Osteoclasts do?

A

Break down bone tissue.

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1
Q

What is the protein that gives the blood its red color and allows oxygen to be transported by the blood?

A

Hemoglobin.

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1
Q

What flashcards do I still have to add after Mrs. Lauer puts up the answers to the tests?

A

Module 16 flashcards. This was a reminder flashcard. ☺

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1
Q

The body region posterior to the thorax.

A

What is an abdomen?

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1
Q

Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

A

What is complete metamorphosis?

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1
Q

The bone matrix.

A

What is the hard substance on the outside of the bone?

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2
Q

Chitin.

A

What is the exoskeleton made of?

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3
Q

What is bile?

A

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

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3
Q

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures.

A

What is hibernation?

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4
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels.

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4
Q

What is ovoviviparous development?

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body.

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4
Q

The fibers are packed tighter together in compact bone tissue.

A

What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue?

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5
Q

What are leathery wings like?

A

Wings that appear to be a part of the exoskeleton, typically laid over a second pair of wings for protectin.

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6
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.

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7
Q

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce.

A

What is the definition of “anadromous”?

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7
Q

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

A

What is the definition of “ectothermic”?

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8
Q

Name the structures listed in the figure.

A

a. Eye
b. Anterior Dorsal Fin
c. Posterior Dorsal Fin
d. Lateral Line
e. Caudal Fin
f. Anal Fin
g. Pectoral Fin
h. Pelvic Fin
i. Operculum

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9
Q

What is oviparous development?

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body.

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11
Q

What are membranous wings like?

A

Thin, transparent wings that have a network of veins that are visible.

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12
Q

What is a ventricle?

A

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out.

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12
Q

In an open circulatory system blood flows out of the blood vessel and into various body cavities so that cells are in direct contact with the blood.

True or False?

A

True.

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12
Q

How many lobes are found in the brain?

A

5.

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12
Q

Name 3 ways insects use their legs.

A

Walking, Jumping, making noise.

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13
Q

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.

A

What is an axial skeleton?

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14
Q

To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one.

A

What is molting?

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16
Q

Ventricle -> Conus Arteriosus -> Left and Right Truncus Arteriosus -> Carotid Arches, Aortic Arches, Pulmocutaneous Arteries.

Carotid Arches -> Head

Aortic Arches -> Dorsal Aorta

Pulmocutaneous Arteries -> Lungs, skin, mouth to be reoxygenated

A

What is the path of blood in an amphibian?

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17
Q

Name 5 characteristics of Class Arachnidia.

A
  1. 4 pairs of walking legs
  2. 4 pairs of simple eyes
  3. Have a cephalothorax- head an thorax fused together
  4. No antenae
  5. Have “book lungs” for respiration
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17
Q

What are the 2 main functions of an exoskeleton?

A

Support and protection.

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18
Q

An eye with only one lens.

A

What is a simple eye?

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19
Q

What is a compound eye?

A

An eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope.

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20
Q

What is the exoskeleton made of?

A

Chitin.

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21
Q

The body region between the head and the abdomen.

A

What is a thorax?

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21
Q

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.

A

What is an exoskeleton?

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22
Q

What is the definition of “ectothermic”?

A

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

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23
Q

What is incomplete metamorphosis?

A

Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

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24
Q

The thorax.

A

What part of the insect are the legs typically attached to?

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25
Q

The period of time during which an embryo develops before being born.

A

What is gestation?

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26
Q

What is the body region composed of the head and thorax fused together?

A

The cephalothorax.

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27
Q

Movement.

A

What is body segmentation needed for?

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27
Q

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

A

What is the cerebellum?

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28
Q

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta.

A

What is viviparous development?

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29
Q

What are vertebrae?

A

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone.

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31
Q

What is an amniotic egg?

A

A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land.

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33
Q

What is an abdomen?

A

The body region posterior to the thorax.

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34
Q

If an insect has scaly wings, what order does it belong to?

A

Lepidoptera.

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35
Q

A heart chamber that receives blood.

A

What is an atrium?

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36
Q

What does the gastric ceca do?

A

It produces digestive enzymes.

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37
Q

What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue?

A

The fibers are packed tighter together in compact bone tissue.

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38
Q

A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation.

A

What is a hemotoxin?

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39
Q

Describe the backbone of a member of Vertebrata.

A

A notochord during early development, that transforms into a true backbone at birth.

40
Q

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized.

A

What is internal fertilization?

41
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.

44
Q

What is molting?

A

To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one.

45
Q

What is an axial skeleton?

A

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.

46
Q

What is external fertilization?

A

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female.

47
Q

Does the ventral nervous system run along the top or the bottom of the body?

A

It runs along the bottom.

49
Q

Name 5 characteristics of Class Reptilia

A
  1. Covered with tough, dry scales
  2. Ectothermic
  3. Breathe with lungs throughout their lives
  4. 3 chambered heart with ventricle that is partially divided
  5. Produces amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell- most ovparous, some ovoviviparous
50
Q

What is a hemotoxin?

A

A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation.

51
Q

Name the organs listed in this figure.

A

a. Chelipeds
b. Eye
c. Cephalothorax
d. Abdomen
e. Telson
f. Swimmerets
g. Walking legs
h. Carapace
i. Antennae
j. Antennules

51
Q

What is the hard substance on the outside of the bone?

A

The bone matrix.

53
Q

List the stages of development in an insect.

A
  1. Egg
  2. Larva
  3. Pupa
  4. Adult
54
Q

How many stages are in Incomplete Metamorphosis?

A

3.

55
Q

A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together.

A

What is the cephalothorax?

57
Q

The cephalothorax.

A

What is the body region composed of the head and thorax fused together?

58
Q

A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land.

A

What is an amniotic egg?

58
Q

Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

A

What is incomplete metamorphosis?

59
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

60
Q

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.

A

What is an exoskeleton?

61
Q

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female.

A

What is external fertilization?

63
Q

Name the organs listed in the figure.

A

a. Esophagus
b. Brain
c. Spinal cord
d. Stomach
e. Air bladdr
f. Kidney
g. Gonad
h. Anus
i. Intestine
j. Pyloric ceca
k. Gall bladder
l. Liver
m. Heart
n. Gills

64
Q

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

A

What is bile?

65
Q

Describe the backbone of a member of Urochordata.

A

A notochord during early development that disappears as an adult.

66
Q

What are contour feathers?

A

Feathers with hooked and smooth barbules, allowing the barbules to interlock.

67
Q

A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood.

A

What is an open circulatory system?

68
Q

What are malpighian tubes for?

A

Cleaning waste products out of the blood.

70
Q

What is a notochord?

A

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support.

70
Q

What part of the insect are the legs typically attached to?

A

The thorax.

70
Q

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother’s blood supply.

A

What is a placenta?

71
Q

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body.

A

What is oviparous development?

72
Q

What is a cerebrum?

A

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information.

73
Q

What is an atrium?

A

A heart chamber that receives blood.

74
Q

Name 5 characteristics of Class Mammalia

A
  1. Hair covering the skin
  2. Reproduce with internal fertilizaton and usually viviparous
  3. Nourish their young wih milk- secreted from specialized glands
  4. 4 chambered heart
  5. Endothermic
76
Q

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

A

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord.

77
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood.

78
Q

Name 4 characteristics of Class Insecta:

A
  1. 3 pairs of walking (or jumping) legs
  2. One pair of antennae
  3. 3 segments- head, thorax, abdomen
  4. Usually have wings at some stage of their life
79
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A dense membrane that surrounds the bone tissue.

81
Q

What is a thorax?

A

The body region between the head and the abdomen.

82
Q

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

A

What is bone marrow?

84
Q

What are scaled wings like?

A

Wings that have delicate scales that are easy to rub off.

85
Q

What are the optic lobes?

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes.

87
Q

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support.

A

What is a notochord?

88
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body.

90
Q

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out.

A

What is a ventricle?

91
Q

Name the organs listed in the diagram.

A

a. Eye
b. Brain Ganglia
c. Stomach
d. Gonad
e. Heart
f. Pericardial Sinus
g. Intestine
h. Anus
i. Nerve Cord
j. Digestive Glands
k. Sternal Sinus
l. Mouth
m. Esophagus
n. Green gland

92
Q

The organ of balance in a crustacean.

A

What is a statocyst?

93
Q

Name 6 characteristics of Class Aves

A
  1. Endothermic
  2. Heart with 4 chambers
  3. Toothless bill
  4. Oviparous, laying an amniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell
  5. Covered with feathers
  6. Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (usually)
94
Q

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body.

A

What is ovoviviparous development?

95
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

96
Q

What is viviparous development?

A

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta.

98
Q

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord.

A

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

99
Q

Describe the backbone of a member of Cephalochordata.

A

A notochord that they retain their entire life.

100
Q

What are down feathers?

A

Feathers with smooth barbules but no hooked barbules.

102
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process.

103
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

105
Q

What is a gonad?

A

A general term for the organ that produces gametes.

107
Q

What is the cephalothorax?

A

A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together.

109
Q

What are the olfactory lobes?

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose.

110
Q

What is neurotoxin?

A

A poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation.

111
Q

Name 6 characteristics of Class Amphibia.

A
  1. 2 pairs of legs
  2. 3 chambered hert
  3. 4 respiratory organs
  4. endoskeleton (mostly bone)
  5. Smooth skin (no scales)
  6. Oviparous with external fertilization
112
Q

An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process.

A

What is an endotherm?

114
Q

If an insect uses his mouth to puncture in order to get food, what order does he belong to?

A

Diptera.

115
Q

What are horny wings like?

A

Used to cover and protect a second pair of wings, typically cover the entire insect.

116
Q

A dense membrane that surrounds the bone tissue.

A

What is the periosteum?

117
Q

A general term for the organ that produces gametes.

A

What is a gonad?

118
Q

What are mammary glands?

A

Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young.

119
Q

What is hibernation?

A

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures.

120
Q

A poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation.

A

What is neurotoxin?

121
Q

Hemoglobin.

A

What is the protein that gives the blood its red color and allows oxygen to be transported by the blood?

122
Q

What is the definition of “anadromous”?

A

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce.

123
Q

Give an example of an organism found in each of the following classes:

Agnatha:

Chondrichthyes:

Osteichthyes:

Amphibia:

A

Agnatha: Lamprey

Chondrichthyes: Shark

Osteichthyes: Perch

Amphibia: Frog

124
Q

What is complete metamorphosis?

A

Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

125
Q

What is internal fertilization?

A

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized.

126
Q

What is the path of blood in an amphibian?

A

Ventricle -> Conus Arteriosus -> Left and Right Truncus Arteriosus -> Carotid Arches, Aortic Arches, Pulmocutaneous Arteries.

Carotid Arches -> Head

Aortic Arches -> Dorsal Aorta

Pulmocutaneous Arteries -> Lungs, skin, mouth to be reoxygenated

127
Q

What is a simple eye?

A

An eye with only one lens.

128
Q

What is gestation?

A

The period of time during which an embryo develops before being born.

129
Q

What is a placenta?

A

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother’s blood supply.

130
Q

What is body segmentation needed for?

A

Movement.

Biology (9 decks)

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