Module 6 Flashcards
What is the definition of consciousness?
-awareness of ourselves and our environment
What is spotlight consciousness?
-unaware until told
What are the external/internal forces of consciousness?
-hearing something
-feeling hungry
What are the past/present/future states of consciousness?
-reliving a memory
-having anxiety
What is the study of consciousness?
-cognitive neuroscience
What is blindsight?
-there is information coming in the visual system, yet the brain cannot process
-“consciously bling”
What is the condition split brain and how does it affect our perception of consciousness?
= left and right hemispheres do not interact
-see the word and can draw it
-can’t say what it is
What is the cocktail party effect?
despite all the party noise (talking/music), people are capable of holding a conversation
What kind of selective attention do magicians use and how does it work?
= change blindness
-focus the attention on one thing and is capable of subtly changing something the brain is not focusing on
What is an example of selective attention that allows one thing among homogenous information to be noticed faster and how does it work?
= pop-out phenomenon
-they are visibly different from the rest
What is something that ads, signs and students use to capture people’s attention?
attentional salience
How did scientists test conscious vs unconscious processes?
= Diotic listening task
How does the diotic listening task work?
= listen to two different speeches from the left and right ear and relay back the speech from only one side
Other ear;
-hard to recall what was said
-can hear sex of voice and the presence of an accent
What is the difference between active and passive attention?
active = voluntary, intentional, interest, conscious attention
passive = involuntary, unintentional, absorbed automatically
What does divided attention mean?
-there is no such thing as multitasking
-can switch back and forth fast
-hard if 2 things are the same modality
-limited system
Describe ADHD
= attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
-a brain development disorder which affects attention, the ability to sit still and self-control
What is the hollow face illusion?
-people perceive a concave face as convex due to the overarching knowledge of what a face should look like
What is visual neglect?
-the lack of reaction to stimuli on one-half of their visual field despite not having physical vision problems
What does salient mean?
-how prominent or emotionally striking something is
How does the eye-gaze study from the lecture demonstrate automatic processing?
= patients noticed without being told that the eyes of the character pointed to the place where they needed to click
-automatically noticed a pattern
What are the influences on the circadian rhythm? (7)
-wakefulness
-body temp
-sleep cycle
-seasonal
-work schedule
-memory
-mood
How does the circadian rhythm change with age?
-uni student = active late
-elderly = active early
How does circadian rhythm differ between men and women?
women happen before men
What are the 2 main organs of the circadian system?
-suprachiasmatic nucleus
-pineal gland
What are the 2 chemicals released by the circadian system?
-melatonin
-adenosine
What does melatonin do?
= sleep hormone
-light outside = low
-dark outside = high
How does adenosine work?
= inhibits NT = drowsy
-accumulates during the day
-diminishes at night
What is the light pathway of the circadian system?
-light
-SCN hypothalamus
-lower melatonin
How does coffee affect the circadian rhythm?
caffeine is an adenosine antagonist
-promote wakefulness
What are the effects of sleep deprivation? (6)
-fatigue
-death
-decrease concentration
-poor learning
-poor memory
-increase appetite and eating
What are the 4 theories of sleep
- protective (night dangerous)
- restorative (repair during sleep)
- cognitive (memory + creative insight)
- growth (grow during sleep)
What evidence supports the idea that dreaming helps us learn?
memory and creativity is enhanced during sleep
What are the sleep stages in order?
- stage 1
- stage 2
- slow-wave sleep
- REM sleep
What are the defining characteristics of stage 1 sleep?
theta waves
-irregular
-5-8HZ
What are the defining characteristics of stage 2 sleep?
theta waves
- sleep spindle
- k complex
- irregular 5-8 HZ
What are the defining characteristics of slow-wave sleep?
delta waves
-regular
-high-amplitude
-1.5-4hz
What are the defining characteristics of REM sleep?
theta + beta waves
-dreams
-irregular
-15-40hz
What are the (4) sleep disorders?
- insomnia
- sleep apnea
- narcolepsy
- resting leg syndrome
extra - REM sleep disorder
Classify the three different classes of drugs in terms of their names and effects
-depressants (slow/depress arousal of NS)
-stimulants (increase NS)
-hallucinogens (cause hallucinations)
How do depressants affect the brain?
= alcohol
-inhibit glutamate (hippocampus)
-increase GABA (relax)
How do stimulants affect the brain?
= caffeine
- increase focus, energy, and creativity
- screws over dopamine
How do hallucinogens affect the brain?
= LSD
- agonist of serotonin (thalamus)
- messes with sensory and visual
Slow wave sleep best for what?
maintaining explicit memory
REM sleep is best for what?
consolidation of skills
