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PSY 1101 > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of consciousness?

A

-awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

What is spotlight consciousness?

A

-unaware until told

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3
Q

What are the external/internal forces of consciousness?

A

-hearing something
-feeling hungry

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4
Q

What are the past/present/future states of consciousness?

A

-reliving a memory
-having anxiety

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5
Q

What is the study of consciousness?

A

-cognitive neuroscience

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6
Q

What is blindsight?

A

-there is information coming in the visual system, yet the brain cannot process
-“consciously bling”

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7
Q

What is the condition split brain and how does it affect our perception of consciousness?

A

= left and right hemispheres do not interact
-see the word and can draw it
-can’t say what it is

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8
Q

What is the cocktail party effect?

A

despite all the party noise (talking/music), people are capable of holding a conversation

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9
Q

What kind of selective attention do magicians use and how does it work?

A

= change blindness
-focus the attention on one thing and is capable of subtly changing something the brain is not focusing on

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10
Q

What is an example of selective attention that allows one thing among homogenous information to be noticed faster and how does it work?

A

= pop-out phenomenon
-they are visibly different from the rest

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11
Q

What is something that ads, signs and students use to capture people’s attention?

A

attentional salience

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12
Q

How did scientists test conscious vs unconscious processes?

A

= Diotic listening task

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13
Q

How does the diotic listening task work?

A

= listen to two different speeches from the left and right ear and relay back the speech from only one side

Other ear;
-hard to recall what was said
-can hear sex of voice and the presence of an accent

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14
Q

What is the difference between active and passive attention?

A

active = voluntary, intentional, interest, conscious attention
passive = involuntary, unintentional, absorbed automatically

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15
Q

What does divided attention mean?

A

-there is no such thing as multitasking
-can switch back and forth fast
-hard if 2 things are the same modality
-limited system

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16
Q

Describe ADHD

A

= attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
-a brain development disorder which affects attention, the ability to sit still and self-control

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17
Q

What is the hollow face illusion?

A

-people perceive a concave face as convex due to the overarching knowledge of what a face should look like

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18
Q

What is visual neglect?

A

-the lack of reaction to stimuli on one-half of their visual field despite not having physical vision problems

19
Q

What does salient mean?

A

-how prominent or emotionally striking something is

20
Q

How does the eye-gaze study from the lecture demonstrate automatic processing?

A

= patients noticed without being told that the eyes of the character pointed to the place where they needed to click
-automatically noticed a pattern

21
Q

What are the influences on the circadian rhythm? (7)

A

-wakefulness
-body temp
-sleep cycle
-seasonal
-work schedule
-memory
-mood

22
Q

How does the circadian rhythm change with age?

A

-uni student = active late
-elderly = active early

23
Q

How does circadian rhythm differ between men and women?

A

women happen before men

24
Q

What are the 2 main organs of the circadian system?

A

-suprachiasmatic nucleus
-pineal gland

25
Q

What are the 2 chemicals released by the circadian system?

A

-melatonin
-adenosine

26
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

= sleep hormone
-light outside = low
-dark outside = high

27
Q

How does adenosine work?

A

= inhibits NT = drowsy
-accumulates during the day
-diminishes at night

28
Q

What is the light pathway of the circadian system?

A

-light
-SCN hypothalamus
-lower melatonin

29
Q

How does coffee affect the circadian rhythm?

A

caffeine is an adenosine antagonist
-promote wakefulness

30
Q

What are the effects of sleep deprivation? (6)

A

-fatigue
-death
-decrease concentration
-poor learning
-poor memory
-increase appetite and eating

31
Q

What are the 4 theories of sleep

A
  1. protective (night dangerous)
  2. restorative (repair during sleep)
  3. cognitive (memory + creative insight)
  4. growth (grow during sleep)
32
Q

What evidence supports the idea that dreaming helps us learn?

A

memory and creativity is enhanced during sleep

33
Q

What are the sleep stages in order?

A
  • stage 1
  • stage 2
  • slow-wave sleep
  • REM sleep
34
Q

What are the defining characteristics of stage 1 sleep?

A

theta waves
-irregular
-5-8HZ

35
Q

What are the defining characteristics of stage 2 sleep?

A

theta waves
- sleep spindle
- k complex
- irregular 5-8 HZ

36
Q

What are the defining characteristics of slow-wave sleep?

A

delta waves
-regular
-high-amplitude
-1.5-4hz

37
Q

What are the defining characteristics of REM sleep?

A

theta + beta waves
-dreams
-irregular
-15-40hz

38
Q

What are the (4) sleep disorders?

A
  1. insomnia
  2. sleep apnea
  3. narcolepsy
  4. resting leg syndrome
    extra - REM sleep disorder
39
Q

Classify the three different classes of drugs in terms of their names and effects

A

-depressants (slow/depress arousal of NS)
-stimulants (increase NS)
-hallucinogens (cause hallucinations)

40
Q

How do depressants affect the brain?

A

= alcohol
-inhibit glutamate (hippocampus)
-increase GABA (relax)

41
Q

How do stimulants affect the brain?

A

= caffeine
- increase focus, energy, and creativity
- screws over dopamine

42
Q

How do hallucinogens affect the brain?

A

= LSD
- agonist of serotonin (thalamus)
- messes with sensory and visual

43
Q

Slow wave sleep best for what?

A

maintaining explicit memory

44
Q

REM sleep is best for what?

A

consolidation of skills

PSY 1101 (8 decks)

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