Module 11a

Question 1

What are the 3 components of emotion?

Answer 1

-physiological effects
-expressive behaviour
-conscious experience

Question 2

What is the purpose of emotions? (5)

Answer 2

-focus attention
-drive behaviour
-influence performance
-easily identifiable
-evolutionary

Question 3

What is Darwin’s ‘why’ of emotional expression? (3)

Answer 3

1. serviceable habits
   -a habit so it persists
2. principle of antithesis
   -emotions opposite of useful
3. nervous system
   -release activity

Question 4

What is James-Lange’s theory of the ‘how’ of emotion?

Answer 4

-physiological effects and reactions to stimuli come before conscious experience
scary -> heart pumps faster -> fear

Question 5

What is Cannon-Bard’s theory of the ‘how’ of emotion?

Answer 5

-physiological arousal + emotional experience occur at the same time
-cortex (expression) and thalamus (experience) react simultaneously
scary -> increase HR + fear

Question 6

What is two-factor theory of the ‘how’ of emotion?

Answer 6

-physiological + cognitive combine to form emotion
-need interpretation to know how to react/feel
run + label emotion = feel emotion

Question 7

Do emotions and cognitions interact? Give examples.

Answer 7

YES
-emotions affect thoughts
-thoughts affect emotions

Question 8

What is the spillover effect?

Answer 8

-response from one event can spill into the response to other events
-heighten/dampen

Question 9

What are the two emotional routes? Explain
-route
-what type of emotion is delt with there

Answer 9

= slow (high road)
-sensory, thalamus, cortex, amygdala
-complex emotions

= fast (low road)
-sensory,thalamus, amygdala
-basic emotions

Question 10

What role does the amygdala play in emotion?

Answer 10

can be activated by emotional stimuli even if we’re unaware
-deals with both complex and simple emotions
-if removed/damaged then can remember fear but not feel it

Question 11

What is Ekman’s work on universal expressions of emotion

Answer 11

Travelled to Papa New Guinea, where western emotion is not effective
-asked what people would feel in different scenarios
-saw the same 6 universal facial expressions

Question 12

Ekman’s work showed the similarities in expression around the world but it also displayed the differences. What were they?

Answer 12

-not all can differ between shock and fear
-some places are less or more expressive in public

Question 13

What are 3 factors which fear can be ingrained in a person?

Answer 13

1. adaptive to environment
2. genetics
3. learnt through experience/observation

Question 14

What is happiness adaptation?

Answer 14

-interpretation
-recent experiences influence reaction to events
-really good thing makes the good thing seem awful

Question 15

What is happiness comparison?

Answer 15

-not happy with what you have
-compare to others and not content

Question 16

What is the order of emotion, mood and reinforcer in shortest lasting to longest?

Answer 16

1. reinforcer
2. emotion
3. mood

Question 17

How do we try to understand these emotions as they originally evolved? (Tracy)

Answer 17

1. all distinct adaptations
2. behaviour elemonts occur over time

Question 18

What is trace conditioning and how does it relate to taste?

Answer 18

CS has occured hours before US
-taste hours before digestion

Question 19

What is Maslow’s hierchary of needs from higer-order to basic?

Answer 19

• self-actualization
• self-esteem
• love+belonging
• safety
• physological

Question 20

What are the 2 motivation operations?

Answer 20

1. establishing
2. abolishing

Question 21

Explain extablising operations

Answer 21

increase
->frequency of behaviour
->reinforcer efficacity

Question 22

Explain abolishing operations

Answer 22

decrease
->reinforcer efficacity
->frequency of behaviour

Question 23

What did Yerke and Dodson do?

Answer 23

studied how arousal effects performance in ONLY difficult tasks
-performance improved but only to a certain point

Question 24

Explain Hull and Spence’s drive-reduction theory

Answer 24

need is determined by a combo of learning and persons physiology

Question 25

What are Hull’s 2 goal conditional response theory?

Answer 25

1) physical stimulus
2) perception of the stimulus

Question 26

What did Amsel add to Hulls 2 part theory?

Answer 26

-frustration
1) physical stimulus
2) perception of the stimulus
3) frustration

Question 27

What is attractive to females?
ST=
LT=
ovulating=
not ovulating=

Answer 27

-good looking
-can provide

-strong
-caring/reliable

Question 28

What is attractive to males?

Answer 28

how they look

Question 29

What is the Coolidge effect?

Answer 29

man with one woman multiple times = habituation

man with new woman = dishabituation

Question 30

What is the rivarly sensitivity hypothesis and how do men and women respond differently?

Answer 30

women = focus on other people/threats around partner

men = focus on partner

Question 31

What are the 2 componenets of the drive-reduction theory? What is the goal?

Answer 31

1) drive = arousal state that occurs due to physiological need

2) need = a lack that encourages the drive to reduce the need

goal is homeostasis

Question 32

What is the premack principal of the operant theory of motivation?

Answer 32

do things no like to get more time to do things like

Question 33

What is the timberlake operant theory of motivation?

Answer 33

We will work hard for something we don’t have