Module 5.1 - Intro + Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
conscious control
person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
motor actions
PNS carries messages from the CNS to a muscle
sensory input
PNS carries info from the external environment and the muscles to the CNS
What structures are included in the CNS?
brain, brainstem, and spinal cord
tendons
connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone at each end
What are the function and characteristics of tendons?
flexible, can bend at joints, and help cushion against sudden movement
What is the origin of a muscle?
bony site of attachment that is stationary during movement
What is the insertion of a muscle?
bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction
What is the muscle’s action?
the effect produced by the muscle’s contraction
What is the muscle’s innevation?
the peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with message from the brain
action and innervation of orbicularis oculi
action: eye closure;
innervation: CN VII
action and innervation of orbicularis oris
action: mouth closure, closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth;
innervation: CN VII
action and innervation of zygomaticus major/minor
action: pull corners of lips upward;
innervation: CNVII
action and innervation of risorius
action: pull corners of mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace);
innervation: CNVII
action, innervation, and other name for frontalis
occipitofrontalis;
action: raises eyebrows;
innervation: CNVII
action and innervation of buccinator
action: compresses cheeks;
innervation: CN VII
action and innervation of masseter
action: jaw closure;
innervation: CN V(mandibular branch)
action and innervation of temporalis
action: closes jaw, elevates mandible;
innervation: CN V(mandibular branch)
lateral flexion
aka side flexion, refers to moving ear to same side shoulder
neck flexion
refers to action of moving chin toward sternum
bilateral vs. unilateral action
muscles acting together on both sides or muscle acting on one side only
semispinalis capitis
Origin:articular processes of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion
Innervation: spinal nerves
sternocleidomastoid
Origin:sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion:mastoid region of skull
Action: bilateral neck flexion, unilateral neck rotation
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)
splenius capitis
Origin:spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae
Insertion:mastoid process, occipital bone of skull
Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves
What columns and categories for the erector spinae?
medial: spinalis, intermediate: longissimus, lateral: iliocostalis
What are the 3 divisions of the medial column?
spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis thoracis
What are the 3 divisions of the intermediate column?
longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus thoracis
What are the 3 divisions of the iliocostalis column?
iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum
Longissimus cervicis
Origin: transverse procesess of superior thoracic vertabrae
Insertion: transverse processes of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
Action: bilateral head extension, unilateral neck flexion
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
Longissimus thoracis
Origin: transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae
Action: bilateral - spinal extension, unilateral - lateral flexion of spine
Innervation: thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
Thyrohyoid
Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: depresses thyroid and elevates hyoid bone
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Scalenes(Anterior, middle, posterior)
Origin: transverse processes of C2-C7
Insertion: 1st and 2nd ribs
Action: elevate ribs 1 and 2
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves
Diaphragm
Origin: cartilage of ribs 7-12, xyphoid process, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: anterior longitudinal ligament
Action: expands thoracic cavity and compreses abdominal cavity
Innervation: C3-C5 (phrenic nerve)
Internal Intercostals
Origin: superior border of ribs 2-12
Insertion: inferior border of ribs 1-11
Action: depress ribs (forced expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves
External Intercostals
Origin: lower border of ribs 1-11
Insertion: upper border of ribs 2-12
Action: elevate ribs (normal inspiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7, xyphoid process
Action: flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera
Innervation: spinal nerves T7-T12
External Oblique
Origin: sternum, ribs 5-12
Insertion: linea alba, iliac crest
Action: bilateral - flexion of spine + compression of abdomen; unilateral - spine fexion + rotation opposite direction
Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
Internal Oblique
Origin: iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
Insertion: inferior ribs, linea alba
Action: depresses ribs, compresses abdomen, flexes spine
Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
Transverse Abdominis
Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
Insertion: linea alba, pubis
Action: compression of abdomen
Innervation: 1st lumbar nerve (T7-L1), Iliohypogastric (T12-L1), and ilioinguinal nerve (T12-L1)
