Module 5 Terms - Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

a cyclic molecule that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHON)

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2
Q

Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?

A

adenine and guanine are purines (2 rings), while thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines (1 ring)

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3
Q

How can you tell a ribose and deoxyribose molecule apart?

A

ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3’ carbon

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4
Q

Phosphorus group

A

consists of a central phosphorus atom covalently bound to four oxygen atoms

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5
Q

Phosphodiester bonds

A

The 3’ carbon of one nucleotide is connected to the 5’ carbon of the next nucleotide in line through the 5’-phosphate group. The C-O-P-O-C covalent bonds are collectively known as phosphodiester bonds.

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6
Q

5’ end

A

the nucleotide at the top that has a free 5’ phosphate

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7
Q

3’ end

A

the nucleotide at the bottom that has a free 3’ hydroxyl

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8
Q

What are the ratios of nucleotides to one another?

A

of adenine = # of thymine

# of guanine = # of cytosine

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9
Q

Name similarities between DNA and RNA

A

They are both nucleic acids made by repeating subunits joined together by phosphodiester bonds. They also both have directionality

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10
Q

Name differences between DNA and RNA

A

The sugars in each nucleic acid are different (deoxyribose and ribose). Ribose has a hydroxyl group on the 3’ carbon whereas deoxyribose has an H atom there instead. RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine, and is not only much shorter than DNA but is single-stranded. RNA can also fold into complex, 3D structures, some of which can accelerate chemical reactions like proteins

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11
Q

Central dogma

A

defines the flow of information in all organisms from DNA to RNA to protein

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