Module 24 Terms - The Cell Cycle Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
The reproduction of organisms in which an offspring inherits its DNA from a single parent
Mitosis
In cell division, when eukaryotic cells divide their nucleus
Cytokinesis
In cell division, when the parent cell is divided into two daughter cells; when the cytoplasm is divided
Chromosomes
Cellular structures that consist of a single DNA molecule with associated proteins
Cell cycle
The period from the production of a new cell to the time it divides
M phase
During this phase, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
One of the two major phases which contains mitosis and cytokinesis
Interphase
The time between two successive M phases where the cell prepares for division.
One of the two major phases which contains the G1, S, and G2 phases
S phase
The phase between the G1 and G2 phases. During this phase, DNA molecules are copied
Sister chromatids
The two identical copies of DNA formed during S phase; the individual chromosomes which are produced when the centromere splits
Centromere
The region of a chromosome that holds together the sister chromatids and to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.
G1 phase
Between the end of M phase and the start of S phase in which the cell prepares for DNA synthesis
G2 phase
Between the end of S phase and the start of M phase in which the cell prepares for M phase by increasing its size and protein content
What order do the phases happen in?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and M phase
G0 phase
A cellular state where the cell cycle is paused and there are no preparations being made for DNA synthesis.
Examples of cells in G0 phase are liver cells (temporarily) and nerve cells (permanently)
Chromatin
A highly organized complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins present in interphase; the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed.
