Module 5: RNA and DNA structure and function

Question 1

RNA nucleotide is comprised of

Answer 1

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 2

The directionality of the phosphate group end of a DNA strand is

Answer 2

5’

Question 3

The directionality of the pentose sugar end of a DNA strand is

Answer 3

3’

Question 4

RNA is autocatalytic, meaning

Answer 4

It can form structures with itself

Question 5

True or false: RNA is single stranded

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Purine bases have ____ carbon rings

Answer 6

Two

Question 7

Pyrimidine bases have _____ carbon ring

Answer 7

One

Question 8

Coding strand (strand that isn’t being translated) runs in the

Answer 8

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 9

The template strand (strand being transcribed) runs in the

Answer 9

3’ to 5’ direction

Question 10

DNA is translated in the ____ to ____ direction

Answer 10

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 11

Typical tRNA direction is

Answer 11

3’ to 5’

Question 12

______ strand has Okazaki fragments

Answer 12

Lagging

Question 13

Growth of new DNA strands (polymerization) is catalyzed by DNA _____

Answer 13

polymerase

Question 14

Addition of nucleotides requires energy; incoming nucleotide trisphosphates serves as both the source of new nucleotides and ____

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

DNA degeneracy

Answer 15

refers to the fact that multiple codons, or sets of three nucleotides, can code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis.

Question 16

Removes RNA primer and replaces it with newly synthesized DNA

Answer 16

Polymerase I

Question 17

Main enzyme that adds nucleotides in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 17

Polymerase III

Question 18

Opens the DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

Answer 18

Helicase

Question 19

Seals the gap between the Okazaki fragments

Answer 19

Ligase

Question 20

Synthesizes RNA primers needed to start replication

Answer 20

Primase

Question 21

Helps to hold the DNA polymerase in place when nucleotides are being added

Answer 21

Primase

Question 22

Helps relieve the strain on DNA when unwinding

Answer 22

Topoisomerase

Question 23

Binds to single-stranded DNA to prevent DNA from rewinding back

Answer 23

Single-strand binding proteins

Question 24

p_______ is one importance function of DNA polymerase

Answer 24

Proofreading