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Bio181 > Module 2 (Cell Types and Cell Structures) > Flashcards

Module 2 (Cell Types and Cell Structures) Flashcards

1
Q

http://tinyurl.com/4rcrc33n

What type of microscope is this from?

A

Light microscope

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2
Q

How do light microscopes work?

A

They create a magnified image through glass lenses that focus a beam of light onto an object

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3
Q

http://tinyurl.com/4n4fphn7

What type of microscope is this from?

A

Scanning electron microscope

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4
Q

How does a scanning electron microscope work?

A

It produces a largely magnified image by using electrons instead of light to form an image

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5
Q

http://tinyurl.com/avbkj4fv

What type of microscope is this from?

A

Transmission electron microscope

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6
Q

How does a transmission electron microscope work?

A

An electron source at the top of the microscope emits electrons that travel through a vacuum in the column of the microscope. Electromagnetic lenses are used to focus the electrons into a very thin beam and this is then directed through the specimen of interest.

Images appear flat

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7
Q
  • one or more cells comprise all living things
  • the cell is the basic unit of life
  • new cells arise from existing cells
A

Unified cell theory

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8
Q

First form of complex life on Earth

A

Prokaryotic cells

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9
Q

http://tinyurl.com/yze26uhd

What cell is this?

A

Prokaryotic

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10
Q

Prokaryotic cell: includes b_____ and a_____-, lack membrane-bound organelles. The DNA of most prokaryotes consists of a single c______

A

Bacteria, archaea, chromosome

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11
Q

C_____ e____: a plasma membrane covered by a cell wall in a prokaryote

A

Cell envelope

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12
Q

C______ r____: containing a genome (double stranded DNA), ribosomes, and proteins

A

Cytoplasmic region

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13
Q

Fl______: structure that aids in locomotion of bacteria

A

Flagella

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14
Q

Fi____: projection on the surface of bacteria involved in aiding bacteria to adhere to surfaces

A

Fimbriae

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15
Q

P____: projections on the surface of bacteria involved in conjugation, where plasmids are transferred from bacteria with the structure

A

Pili

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16
Q

What is the gram stain used for?

A

To identity bacteria

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17
Q

What color is gram-negative? What does it indicate?

A

Pink; the cell wall structure is thick of the cell, so it can’t be penetrated by the dye.

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18
Q

What color is gram-positive? What does this indicate?

A

Purple; the cell wall structure is thin, therefore it’s penetrated by the purple dye

19
Q

E_______ c____: plants, animals, fungi, and algae

A

Eukaryotic cells

20
Q

http://tinyurl.com/yjj47e3j

What type of cell is this?

A

Eukaryotic, animal cell

21
Q

http://tinyurl.com/3yn7mrt3

What type of cell is this?

A

Eukaryotic, plant cell

22
Q

The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes is c_______, the presence of membrane-bound o________, and the n_______

A

Compartmentalization, membrane, organelles, nucleus

23
Q

M________ and c______ have their own D____

A

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, DNA

24
Q

The cell m______ is made up of phospholipid b_____, as well as i_____ p_____. Forms a semi-permeable barrier, allows for s______ t_____ of molecules across the membrane

A

Membrane, bilayers, integral proteins, selective transport

25
Q

Contains all the cell’s genome, except for a small fraction of mitochondrial DNA, organized to form chromosomes

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Has its own independent genome, most prominent role is to produce energy (ATP) and regular cellular metabolism

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Folds protein molecules and transports synthesizes proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus (structure is a series of interconnected tube-like structures)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Produces proteins

A

Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

29
Q

Phospholipids are synthesizes in

A

Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

30
Q

Packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent their destination (made up of flattened stacked pouches)

A

Golgi apparatus

31
Q

Spherical vesicles that contain enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

Enclosed compartments filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules. They contain waste products, maintain hydrostatic pressure within the cell, maintain internal pH, export unwanted substances

What is it more common in?

A

Vacuole, more common in plant cells

33
Q

Organelles in plants that conduct photosynthesis, is also the immune response in plants

A

Chloroplast

34
Q

The c_______ acts to organize and maintain a cell’s s____

A

Cytoskeleton, shape

35
Q

Cytoskeletons are present in the c______ of all cells including bacteria and archaea. They are made of interlinking protein f______

A

Cytoplasm, filaments

36
Q

Through an association with extracellular connection tissue and other cells, cytoskeletons s_____ e____ t____

A

stabilize entire tissues

37
Q

The e_______ c_________ is composed of m______, i________ f______, and m________

A

Eukaryotic cytoskeleton, microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

38
Q

The subunit of microtubules is a protein called; microtubules themselves can be d______

A

tubulin, disassembled

39
Q

http://tinyurl.com/35zpapss

What is this eukaryotic cytoskeleton component called?

A

Microtubule

40
Q

Intermediate filaments are n___ p_______ and they don’t disassemble. There are m____ t____ of intermediate filaments

A

not polar, many types

41
Q

http://tinyurl.com/yc739954

What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is thsi?

A

Intermediate filaments

42
Q

M________: provide r_____ to the cell, used by various types of myosin proteins to m____ cargo around the cell for muscle c_____. Subunit protein is called a____

A

Microfilaments, rigidity, move, contraction, actin

43
Q

http://tinyurl.com/3swcc2yz

What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is this?

A

Microfilaments

44
Q

Together, the membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton provide an o_______ to eukaryotic cells

A

organization

Bio181 (7 decks)

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