Module 2 (Cell Types and Cell Structures) Flashcards
http://tinyurl.com/4rcrc33n
What type of microscope is this from?
Light microscope
How do light microscopes work?
They create a magnified image through glass lenses that focus a beam of light onto an object
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What type of microscope is this from?
Scanning electron microscope
How does a scanning electron microscope work?
It produces a largely magnified image by using electrons instead of light to form an image
http://tinyurl.com/avbkj4fv
What type of microscope is this from?
Transmission electron microscope
How does a transmission electron microscope work?
An electron source at the top of the microscope emits electrons that travel through a vacuum in the column of the microscope. Electromagnetic lenses are used to focus the electrons into a very thin beam and this is then directed through the specimen of interest.
Images appear flat
- one or more cells comprise all living things
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- new cells arise from existing cells
Unified cell theory
First form of complex life on Earth
Prokaryotic cells
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What cell is this?
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cell: includes b_____ and a_____-, lack membrane-bound organelles. The DNA of most prokaryotes consists of a single c______
Bacteria, archaea, chromosome
C_____ e____: a plasma membrane covered by a cell wall in a prokaryote
Cell envelope
C______ r____: containing a genome (double stranded DNA), ribosomes, and proteins
Cytoplasmic region
Fl______: structure that aids in locomotion of bacteria
Flagella
Fi____: projection on the surface of bacteria involved in aiding bacteria to adhere to surfaces
Fimbriae
P____: projections on the surface of bacteria involved in conjugation, where plasmids are transferred from bacteria with the structure
Pili
What is the gram stain used for?
To identity bacteria
What color is gram-negative? What does it indicate?
Pink; the cell wall structure is thick of the cell, so it can’t be penetrated by the dye.
What color is gram-positive? What does this indicate?
Purple; the cell wall structure is thin, therefore it’s penetrated by the purple dye
E_______ c____: plants, animals, fungi, and algae
Eukaryotic cells
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What type of cell is this?
Eukaryotic, animal cell
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What type of cell is this?
Eukaryotic, plant cell
The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes is c_______, the presence of membrane-bound o________, and the n_______
Compartmentalization, membrane, organelles, nucleus
M________ and c______ have their own D____
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, DNA
The cell m______ is made up of phospholipid b_____, as well as i_____ p_____. Forms a semi-permeable barrier, allows for s______ t_____ of molecules across the membrane
Membrane, bilayers, integral proteins, selective transport
Contains all the cell’s genome, except for a small fraction of mitochondrial DNA, organized to form chromosomes
Nucleus
Has its own independent genome, most prominent role is to produce energy (ATP) and regular cellular metabolism
Mitochondria
Folds protein molecules and transports synthesizes proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus (structure is a series of interconnected tube-like structures)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Produces proteins
Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Phospholipids are synthesizes in
Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent their destination (made up of flattened stacked pouches)
Golgi apparatus
Spherical vesicles that contain enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules
Lysosomes
Enclosed compartments filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules. They contain waste products, maintain hydrostatic pressure within the cell, maintain internal pH, export unwanted substances
What is it more common in?
Vacuole, more common in plant cells
Organelles in plants that conduct photosynthesis, is also the immune response in plants
Chloroplast
The c_______ acts to organize and maintain a cell’s s____
Cytoskeleton, shape
Cytoskeletons are present in the c______ of all cells including bacteria and archaea. They are made of interlinking protein f______
Cytoplasm, filaments
Through an association with extracellular connection tissue and other cells, cytoskeletons s_____ e____ t____
stabilize entire tissues
The e_______ c_________ is composed of m______, i________ f______, and m________
Eukaryotic cytoskeleton, microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
The subunit of microtubules is a protein called; microtubules themselves can be d______
tubulin, disassembled
http://tinyurl.com/35zpapss
What is this eukaryotic cytoskeleton component called?
Microtubule
Intermediate filaments are n___ p_______ and they don’t disassemble. There are m____ t____ of intermediate filaments
not polar, many types
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What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is thsi?
Intermediate filaments
M________: provide r_____ to the cell, used by various types of myosin proteins to m____ cargo around the cell for muscle c_____. Subunit protein is called a____
Microfilaments, rigidity, move, contraction, actin
http://tinyurl.com/3swcc2yz
What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is this?
Microfilaments
Together, the membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton provide an o_______ to eukaryotic cells
organization
