Module 3 (Biological Membrane Functions)

Question 1

There are two major types of membrane proteins: i_____ proteins and p______ proteins

Answer 1

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins

Question 2

P______ proteins are attached to the s______ of the membrane

Answer 2

Peripheral, surface

Question 3

I_____ proteins are e_____ in the cell membrane

Answer 3

Integral, embedded

Question 4

All bio membranes are a_______; this is evident in the p_____ composition of the two leaflets of the phospholipid bilayer, as well as the integral p_____ orientation

Answer 4

Asymmetrical, phospholipid, protein

Question 5

Full c_____ (positive or negative) creates a sphere of h______ around the charged particle, which causes the ions to be unable to diffuse through the barrier on their own

Answer 5

Charge, hydration

Question 6

Integral proteins have a h______ a_____ h____ structure; the hydrophilic backbone of the protein

Answer 6

Hydrophobic alpha helic

Question 7

P_______ t_______: molecules move with their concentration gradient (from a high area of concentration to an area of low concentration) through d_________

Answer 7

Passive transport, diffusion

Question 8

A_______ t_______: molecules moved against their concentration gradient, energy (____) is used

Answer 8

Active transport, ATP

Question 9

The c________ g______ is the driving force behind almost all membrane transport. It’s the difference in the concentration of molecules between the two sides of the m_______

Answer 9

Concentration gradient, membrane

Question 10

S_______ d______ doesn’t require proteins, occurs in small uncharged particles

Answer 10

Simple diffusion

Question 11

F_______ d_____ is a form of passive transport where molecules are moved across a membrane through the use of i_____ p____. The driving force of the transport is simply the c______ g_____ of the molecule

Answer 11

Facilitated diffusion, integral proteins, concentration gradient

Question 12

M______ p______ make it possible to transport ions and large polar molecules across biological membranes

Answer 12

Membrane proteins

Question 13

C_______ p______ have a central pore lined with p_____ amino acids on the inside of the channel and n______ amino acids on the exterior of the channel

Answer 13

Channel proteins, polar, nonpolar

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion is often r_______. Ion channels are highly specific for an ion. Most are gated, can closed or open; channel opens when stimulated to change s____

Answer 14

Regulated, shape

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion gets help from c_____ p______. They transport p______ molecules such as glucose across membranes in both directions. Glucose b____ to the proteins, which causes it to change shape and release glucose on the other side

Answer 15

Carrier proteins, polar, binds

Question 16

In active transport, there are two types: p_____ and s_____

Answer 16

Primary and secondary

Question 17

P______ active transport requires direct e_____ investment, so that ____ can be used to move molecules against their concentration gradient

Answer 17

Primary, energy, ATP

Question 18

S_______ active transport: energy comes from an ion c______ g______ established by primary active transport. This moves molecules a_____ their concentration gradient. Does not need ATP

Answer 18

Secondary, concentration gradient, against

Question 19

An example of active transport is the Na+ - K+ p____

Answer 19

Pump

Question 20

An example of secondary active transport is the transfer of g_____ and sodium

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

There are t____ kinds of transporter proteins

Answer 21

Three

Question 22

Carries one specific ion or molecule (transporter protein)

Answer 22

Uniporter

Question 23

Carries two different ions or molecules, both in the same direction (transporter protein)

Answer 23

Symporter

Question 24

Carries two molecules in opposite directions (transporter proteins

Answer 24

Antiporter

Question 25

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

If two solutions are separated by a membrane that allows water but not solutes to pass through, the water will try to create an e_____ concentration (isotonic solution) by d____ to the area that has less water concentration

Answer 26

Equilibrium, diffusing

Question 27

A solution that has an equivalent solution concentration

Answer 27

Isotonic solution

Question 28

Dilute solutes outside of cell. Animal cells may burst when placed in a solution of this kind

Answer 28

Hypotonic solution

Question 29

In facilitated diffusion of water, water moves through water channels called a______

Answer 29

Aquaporins

Question 30

Large molecules enter and leave a cell through e_____

Answer 30

Endocytosis

Question 31

M________ are transported through endocytosis, where the plasma membrane f______ around the material, forming a vesicle.

Answer 31

Macromolecules, folds

Question 32

There are t____ types of endocytosis:

Answer 32

Three

Question 33

P______: molecules or entire cells are engulfed. Resulting phagosome f___ with a lysosome (Type of endocytosis)

Answer 33

Phagocytosis, fuses

Question 34

P______: a vesicle forms to bring s______ dissolved substances or fluids into a cell. Vesicles don’t necessarily fuse with a lysosome. (Type of endocytosis)

Answer 34

Pinocytosis, small

Question 35

R_______ m_______ e_______: highly s_____ in bringing in foreign substances. Depends on receptor p_____ to bind specific ligands. Sites are called coated pits

Answer 35

Receptor mediated endocytosis, specific, proteins

Question 36

E_______: material in vesicles are e______ from a cell

Answer 36

Exocytosis

Question 37

Osmosis doesn’t depend on the type of molecule; it depends on the n_____

Answer 37

Number