Module 5 Quiz Flashcards
Alison conducts an experiment on self-control that has 3 conditions, as part of her Honours project. She analyzes her data and finds a small difference between conditions with a p of .08. She is disappointed that she didn’t find a significant difference, so her friends (who are also psych majors) make some suggestions to try to help. Which of these suggestions could increase the likelihood that she will obtain a false-positive result?
a) Try controlling for gender.
b) Try dropping one of the three conditions.
c) Run 10 more people and then conduct the statistical test again.
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
One of the most important changes that has happened in the field to combat p-hacking is pre-registration. Pre-registration might be thought of as a way for researchers to overcome a potential self-control failure (i.e., the temptation to p-hack). Duckworth et al (2018) would probably classify pre-registration as a form of…
a) Self-monitoring
b) Goal setting
c) MCII
d) Commitment device
e) Mindfulness
d) Commitment device
In his TEDx talk, Dan Ariely argues that self-control can be enhanced through reward substitution, which he applied to completing his treatment regimen for Hepatitis C. Which of the following studies is designed to test the same idea, that reward substitution promotes self-control?
a) Chocolate lovers come into the lab individually, and all of them are asked to complete extremely difficult math problems. In the experimental condition, the researchers bake chocolate chip cookies, and put the warm, fragrant cookies in front of the participant. Participants are told the cookies are for another study, and they shouldn’t touch them. In the control condition, no cookies are present. The researchers measure self-control by observing how many math problems participants solve before giving up.
b) Chocolate lovers who are planning to take the LSAT (for admission to law school) are all invited to weekly study sessions. Half of them are provided with chocolate at the study sessions and asked not to each chocolate during the rest of the week. Meanwhile, the others are given celery at the study sessions. The researchers measure how many study sessions each participant attends over the course of the semester.
c) University students enrolled in 8am classes are given alarm clocks. They are randomly assigned to receive either a standard bedside alarm clock or a special alarm clock called “clocky,” which runs away from them. The researchers measure self-control by observing how often participants make it to their 8am class on time.
d) Researchers recruit students who want to apply for grad school next fall and are planning to take the GRE (grad school admissions exam) next summer, after spending this school year preparing for it). Half the students are told that the researchers will enter them into a lottery to win a $500 reward if they score anywhere above the 65th percentile on the GRE. Half the students are not told about the lottery. Students’ official scores on the GRE serve as the dependent measure of self-control.
e) Both a and b
b) Chocolate lovers who are planning to take the LSAT (for admission to law school) are all invited to weekly study sessions. Half of them are provided with chocolate at the study sessions and asked not to each chocolate during the rest of the week. Meanwhile, the others are given celery at the study sessions. The researchers measure how many study sessions each participant attends over the course of the semester.
Simmons et al (2011) note that “The example shown in Figure 2 contradicts the often-espoused yet erroneous intuition that if an effect is significant with a small sample size than it would necessarily be significant with a larger one.” This intuition that we can trust findings based on small samples (as much as larger ones) is most related to what concept you’ve learned so far in 308?
a) Availability heuristic
b) Representativeness heuristic
c) Anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic
d) Group polarization
e) Egocentrism
b) Representativeness heuristic
True story: A social psychologist named Diederik Stapel made the news for a study showing that meat-eaters are more selfish than vegetarians. However, it was later discovered that Dr. Stapel made up the data, and even invented the existence of a student who had supposedly worked on the study! It’s now known that Stapel committed similar fraud for dozens of his scientific papers, which have been retracted. Which of the following recommendations are designed to stop people from engaging in behaviour similar to what Stapel did?
a) Authors must decide the rule for terminating data collection before data collection begins and report this rule in the article.
b) Authors must list all variable collected in a study.
c) Authors must report all experimental conditions, including failed manipulations.
d) All of the above.
e) None of the above
d) All of the above.
