Module 3: Understanding Ourselves and Others Flashcards
Describe Epley & Dunning (2000) Daffodil day study
5 weeks before they asked students if they’d by a daffodil and what percentage of students they thought would
Then asked if they actually bought one
Describe the results of Epley & Dunning (2000) Daffodil day study
80% of students said they would
Predicted 50% of their classmates would purchase
40% of students actually bought
What are the barriers to self knowledge?
Motivational (unwilling)
Cognitive (unable)
They typically work together
Define motivational barriers of self knowledge
Our self-knowledge can be distorted by the desire to see ourselves in a positive light
Define cognitive barriers to self knowledge
Our self-knowledge can be limited when we don’t have access to the information we need to make an accurate judgement
Describe Nisbett & Wilson (1977) cognitive barriers study
Grabbed 3 pairs of panty hoes
Asked female shoppers to chose the pair they liked the best
Describe the result of Nisbett & Wilson (1977) cognitive barriers study
Most people selected the pair on the right despite being the same
Serial position effect
Describe the serial position effect
People prefer the thing on the right
Unconscious preference
Who is the worse at recognizing their own incompetence?
Incompetent people since they tend to not have the skills to recognize their own incompetence
What are two pathways to improving self knowledge?
Looking inward (introspection)
Looking at own behaviour
Define introspection
Looking inward to examine your own thoughts, feelings, and motives
Often produces inaccurate answers
What is a benefit to introspection?
Value of creating narrative (Pennebaker, 1997)
Describe Pennebaker (1997) narrative study
Had people write about a deep, upsetting emotion or just a superficial topic (control) for 15 minutes per day
Describe the results for Pennebaker (1997) narrative study
People who talked about deep emotions they visit health centre less, get higher grades, get unemployed faster
Key: sense making
Use of causal and insight words show bigger benefits
Define self perception theory (Ben, 1972)
We can infer our own thoughts and feelings by looking at our own behaviour
Useful when thoughts/feelings are ambiguous
Describe Ekman & Friesen (1975) universal facial expression study
Had people from different countries match emotional faces with stories
Describe the results from Ekman & Friesen (1975) universal facial expression study
Participants were able to identify emotions, greater than just chance level
People struggled more with disgust
Emotions are universal
Describe Jessica Tracy’s pride finding
Examined how blind Juno athlete displayed pride after winning a match, which is similar to how people do
Provides evidence their is common emotional language
Describe Ambady & Rosenthal (1933), power of nonverbal perception study
Showed undergrads very brief clips of 13 instructors
