Module 5: Memory Flashcards
is the means by which we retain and draw on our past experiences to use that information in the present.
Memory
Processes in Memory (3)
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
refers to the dynamic mechanisms associated with storing, retaining, and retrieving information about past experiences.
Memory
- processes used to store information in memory.
- It refers how you transform a physical sensory input into
a kind of representation
that can be placed into memory.
Encoding
- processes used to maintain information in memory.
- It refers to how you retain encoded information in memory.
Storage
- processes used to get information back out of memory.
- It refers on how you gain access to information stored in memory.
Retrieval
Tasks used for measuring memory (4)
- Recall Tasks
- Recognition Tasks
- Implicit Memory Tasks
- Explicit Memory Tasks
- To produce a fact, a word, or other item from memory
Recall Tasks
- to select or otherwise identify an item as being one that you learned previously.
- Multiple choice and true or false questions
Recognition Tasks
3 under Recall Tasks
- Serial Recall Task – repeat items in a list in exact order you heard them
- Free Recall Task – repeat items in a list in any order
- Cued-Recall Task – memorize a list of paired items; then you are given an item in the pair and you must recall the mate for that item.
- Require participants to complete task. The completion of the task indirectly indicates memory. When we recollect something but are not conscious aware that we are trying to do so.
- Word completion tasks; Procedural memory
Implicit Memory Tasks
- Involve conscious recollection. Participants know they are trying to retrieve information from memory
- What is your first name? Where do you live?
Explicit Memory Tasks
Models of Memory
- Traditional Model of Memory
- Levels -of-Processing Model
- Integrative Model:
The Working Memory - Multiple Memory
Systems - A Connectionist
Perspective
three memory stores
- Sensory Store
- Short-term Store
- Long-term Store
capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for very brief periods
Sensory Store
capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but of relatively limited capacity as well;
Short-term Store
of very large capacity, capable of storing information for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely
Long-term Store
discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods.
Iconic Store
The initial discovery regarding the existence of the iconic store
came from a doctoral dissertation by a graduate student at Harvard University named
George Sperling (1960).
how much information we can encode in a single, brief glance at a set of stimuli
Sperling’s Discovery
Sperling’s Discovery (2)
- Whole Report Procedure
- Partial Report Procedure
control processes available that regulate the flow of information to and from the long - term store
Short-term Store
material remains in the short-term store for about ____ , unless it is rehearsed to retain it
30 seconds
our immediate (short-term) memory capacity for a wide range of items appears to be about ___ items, plus or minus two
seven
