Finals: Module 3 Flashcards
process of overcoming obstacles to answer a
question or to achieve a goal
Problem Solving
(7) PROBLEM
-SOLVING CYCLE
- Problem Identification
- Problem definition and
representation - Strategy formulation
- Organization of Information
- Resource allocation
- Monitoring
- Evaluation
4 under Strategy formulation
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Divergent thinking
- Convergent thinking
the universe of all
possible actions
that can be applied
to solving a
problem
Problem Space
- Putting the problem aside for a while
- Problem will be processed subconsciously
Incubation
Problems with
clear paths to
their solutions
WELL-STRUCTURED
Informal, intuitive,
speculative
strategies that
sometimes lead to
an effective solution
and sometimes do
not
heuristics
4 types of Heuristics
- Means-ends analysis
- Working forward
- Working backward
- Generate and test
The problem-solver generates a list of
alternative ways of
action, not necessarily
in systematic way, and
then notices in turn
whether each course of
action will work
Generate and test
Analyze the problem by
viewing the end (the goal
to be sought) and then try to decrease the distance between the current position in the problem space and the end goal in that space
Means-ends analysis
games that involve
constructing words
from jumbled or
scrambled letters
Isomorphic Problems
formal structure is the
same, and only their
content differs
Isomorphic Problems
There is no clear,
readily available path to
solution.
ILL-STRUCTURED
a distinctive and sometimes seemingly sudden understanding of a problem or of a strategy that aids in solving the problem
insight
a problem or a strategy
for its solution in a
totally new way
reconceptualizing
