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Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy > Module 5 - Larynx > Flashcards

Module 5 - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx: Overall Functions (3)

A

Protects airway (epiglottis cover to prevent food from going to the trachea)
Phonation (speaking)
Hold breath

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2
Q

Larynx: Structure - Cartilages

Bone (1)
Big Cartilages (3)
Small Cartilages (2)

A

Bone:
Hyoid Bone

Cartilages:
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage

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3
Q

Larynx - Structure: Cartilage Connections

Thyroid Cartilage - Hyoid Bone: Membrane?

A

Thyrohyoid Membrane

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4
Q

Larynx - Structure: Cartilage Connections

Cricoid Cartilage - Thyroid Cartilage: Ligament?

A

Cricothyroid Ligament

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5
Q

Larynx Structure

A tube within a ____
Lined with ____

A

A tube within a tube
Lined with Epithelial membranes

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6
Q

Larynx Structure:

Starts from _____ _____
-> _____ _____ -> Trachea

A

Starts from: Aditus Laryngis
Ends: Cricoid Cartilage

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7
Q

Larynx: Structure

Cavities: Superior -> Inferior (5)

A

Aditus Laryngis (Entry)
Vestibule (Space)

False Vocal Folds / Ventricular Folds

Ventricle (Smaller space)

Vocal Folds (Rima Glottis (space between folds)

Subglottic space

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8
Q

Larynx: Cavities

Regions (3)

A

Supraglottal Region
Begins: Ventricle (space: between false & true vocal folds)
False Vocal folds (Walls)

Rima Glottis
Between True Vocal Folds (Space)

Subglottal Antium
Below true vocal folds
Walls: Conus Elasticus

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9
Q

Larynx: Cavities

Pyriform Sulcus
Location
Function (2)

A

Location:
Lateral to Aditus Laryngis

Function
Deposit for food and liquids during swallowing
Prevents fluids to the larynx between swallows

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10
Q

Larynx Cavities -

Upper Section
Membrane:
Ligament

Lower Section
Membrane
Ligament

A

Upper Section
Membrane: Quadrangular membrane
Ligament: Ventricular ligament, inferior of quadrangular membrane (Ventricular folds)

Lower Section
Membrane: Conus Elasticus (Lateral Cricothyroid ligament)
Ligament: Vocal Ligament (superior conus elasticus)

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11
Q

2 types of vocal folds;

A

False Vocal folds
True Vocal Folds

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12
Q

False Vocal (Ventricular/ FVF) folds:

Function
Structure

A

Function:
Prevent food from entering trachea during swallow

Structure:
Formed by draping of mucosa over
Medial & borders of vestibular ligament

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13
Q

True Vocal Folds

Function
Structure

A

Function
Phonation

Structure
Formed by superficial border (vocal ligament) of the conus elasticus
Conus elasticus is inferior to the cricothyroid ligament

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14
Q

Are the True vocal folds located where the laryngeal prominence is?

A

yes

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15
Q

True Vocal Folds Structure

Superficial -> Deep (5)

A

Cover:

Epithelium
Superficial Lamina Propria
Intermediate Lamina Propria

Body:
Deep Lamina Propria
Vocalis Muscle

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16
Q

Vocal Folds:

Membranous Parts: % Anterior/posterior
Location:

Cartilaginous parts: % Anterior/Posterior
Location:

A

Membranous part:
60% anterior
Location: between Thyroid cartilage & tips of arytenoid cartilages

Cartilaginous Part:
40% posterior
Location: between arytenoid

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17
Q

Cricoarytenoid joints:

Location
function

A

Location:
Between arytenoid cartilages and cricoid cartilage

Function:
Adduction / abduction of vocal folds
Medial compression of vocal folds

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18
Q

Cricoarytenoid joints:

Arytenoid movements: (2)

A

Rocking
Sliding
rotating

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19
Q

Cricothyroid joint

Location:
Movement:

A

Location:
Between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Movement:
Rotation
Gliding
Of cricoid and thyroid cartilages

Function:
Stretches and relaxes vocal folds -> pitch changes

20
Q

Glottis:

A

Vocal folds + rima glottis
Full approximation: no glottis

21
Q

Glottis Shapes = function
phonation
Whispering
Forced respiration

A

Phonation
Glottis is closed
Vocal folds are adducted with medial compression

Whispering
Glottis is anteriorly closed with opening at the posterior end
Vocal folds are adducted

Forced respiration
Glottis is open
Vocal folds are abducted

22
Q

Laryngeal muscles:

2 types:
Function

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Function:
Fine adjustments -> control phonation

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Function
Laryngeal elevation
Laryngeal depression

23
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Origin insertion on ___

A

Origin and insertion on
Laryngeal Cartilages

24
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Innervation

A

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

25
Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature: Major functions: (3)
Adduction Folds brought together = phonation (voiced sounds) Movement of vocal folds to midline Abduction: Folds separated = voiceless sounds + breathing Movement of vocal folds away from midline Length changes: Change in tension of vocal folds
26
Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature: Types: (3)
Abductors / Adductors Tensors / Relaxers Auxillary musculature
27
Adductors 2 muscles
Move vocal folds to midline No glottis Muscles Lateral cricoarytenoids muscles Adduct anterior 2/3s (approx 60% = 60% membranous) Arytenoid muscles Adduct posterior 1/3 (approx 40% = cartilaginous)
28
Adductor: Lateral Cricoarytenoids muscles Function: Attachments: Movement:
Function: closes glottis Adducts vocal folds Increases medial compression Attachments: Cricoid cartilage: lateral margins Arytenoids: Muscular processes Movement: Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles constricts towards anterior cricoid cartilage Arytenoids (Muscular process) is pulled anteriorly and down -> Adducts vocal folds; Medial Compression
29
Adductor: Arytenoid Muscles (2) Function: Attachments Movement
2 Arytenoid muscles Oblique arytenoid Transverse arytenoid Function: Closes glottis Adducts vocal folds Attachments: Transverse Arytenoids: Runs between arytenoids Oblique Arytenoids Connects arytenoids in X shape Movement Arytenoid muscles constricts Draws arytenoids posteriorly Adducts vocal folds
30
Abductor muscle (1)
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles Weaker abductory force = tracheal tug
31
Abductor Muscles: (1.5) Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles Function Attachments Movement
Abductor Muscles: Function: Opens glottis Abducts true vocal folds Attachment Posterior cricoid cartilage -> Arytenoid Cartilages (muscular processes) Movement Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles constricts medially Rotate arytenoids Separates vocal folds
32
Vocal Length Change (Tensors /Relaxers) Joints: Vocal Folds Lengthen: ___ muscle (contraction Vocal folds shorten: ___muscle (contraction)
@ Cricothyroid joints Vocal folds lengthen Cricothyroid muscles (contract) Vocal folds shorten Thyroarytenoid muscles (contract)
33
Tensor: Cricothyroid muscles Function Attachment movement
Function Tenses vocal folds: stretches + thins Attachment Anterior cricoid cartilage -> Thyroid cartilage (inferior aspects) Movement Contraction of cricothyroid muscles -> downward tilt of thyroid cartilage @ cricothyroid joints Stretches vocal folds (tension increased) Higher pitch
34
Tensor: Thyroarytenoid muscles 2 parts:
2 parts: Thyrovocalis Thyromuscularis
35
Tensor: Thyrovocalis (Thyroarytenoid muscles) Function Attachments Movement
Function Tension in vocal folds Inner aspect of thyroarytenoid muscles Attachments Thyroid cartilage (internal aspect) Arytenoid (vocal process) Vocal ligament Movement Constriction of Thyrovocalis muscle -> pulls arytenoids to thyroid cartilage ->shortens (relaxes) vocal folds / changes tension of vocal folds -> modifies sound -> lowers pitch
36
Tensor: Thyromuscularis (Thyroarytenoid muscles) Function Attachments movement
Function Relaxes vocal folds Part of the thyroarytenoid muscles Attachments Thyroid cartilage (internal aspect) Arytenoid cartilage (muscular processes) Movement Constriction of thyromuscularis -> pulls arytenoids towards thyroid -> shortens the vocal folds -> lower pitch voice
37
Auxillary Muscles: Thyroepiglottic Muscle Function Attachment movement
Function: Opens Airway (ventricular folds) Attachments Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Function: Constriction of thyroepiglottic muscle ->widens Aditus laryngus (airway opeining)
38
Auxillary Muscle: Aryepiglottic Muscles Function Attachments movement
Function Constricts aditus laryngis Moves epiglottis down to close off airway Attachments Arytenoids Epigottis Movement Constriction of aryepiglottic muscles -> constriction of aditus laryngis + epiglottis moves down -> closes off airway
39
Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature Attached to____ one
Attached to one non-laryngeal structure
40
Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature Types: (2)
Suprahyoid M.: Hyoid & laryngeal elevators Infrahyoid M.: Hyoid and laryngeal depressor
41
Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature Hyoid Function laryngeal elevators Location Muscles: Suprahyoid M. (5) Function: (2)
Location: Superior to hyoid bone Muscles: Suprahyoid Muscles SMGHD S: Stylohyoid M: Mylohyoid G: Genionhyoid H: Hyoglossus D: Digastric (anterior + posterior) Function: Elevates hyoid bone -> Raises aditus laryngis so epiglottis can cover it during swallowing increases tension on conus elasticus -> higher pitch voice
42
Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature Hyoid & Laryngeal Depressors Location Muscles: Infrahyoid M. (4) Function: (1)
Location: Inferior to hyoid bone Muscles: Infrahyoid M. (4) TOSS T: Thyrohyoid O: Omohyoid S: Sternohyoid S: Sternothyroid Function: Depresses hyoid bone -> reduce tension in conus elasticus -> decrease pitch
43
Vagus nerve (CN X): Innervate Larynx: 2 branches
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
44
Motor Innervation (Intrinsic Muscles) Superior Laryngeal Nerve Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Motor Innervation: Superior Laryngeal Nerve Innervates cricothyroid muscle Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
45
Sensory Innervation Superior Laryngeal Nerve Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Sensory Innervation: Superior Laryngeal Nerve Innervates mucosa ABOVE vocal folds Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Innervates mucosa BELOW vocal folds
46
Which nerve is easily damaged and which muscles does it affect?
The left Recurrent laryngeal Nerve that comes down and under the aortic arch and then up to the larynx. This nerve is exposed so can be cut during open heart surgery which will affect movement in the left vocal folds. When compressed it affects the conduction of action potential which impacts the motor function of the larynx

Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy (6 decks)

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