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Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy > Module 5 - Larynx > Flashcards

Module 5 - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx: Overall Functions (3)

A

Protects airway (epiglottis cover to prevent food from going to the trachea)
Phonation (speaking)
Hold breath

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2
Q

Larynx: Structure - Cartilages

Bone (1)
Big Cartilages (3)
Small Cartilages (2)

A

Bone:
Hyoid Bone

Cartilages:
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage

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3
Q

Larynx - Structure: Cartilage Connections

Thyroid Cartilage - Hyoid Bone: Membrane?

A

Thyrohyoid Membrane

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4
Q

Larynx - Structure: Cartilage Connections

Cricoid Cartilage - Thyroid Cartilage: Ligament?

A

Cricothyroid Ligament

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5
Q

Larynx Structure

A tube within a ____
Lined with ____

A

A tube within a tube
Lined with Epithelial membranes

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6
Q

Larynx Structure:

Starts from _____ _____
-> _____ _____ -> Trachea

A

Starts from: Aditus Laryngis
Ends: Cricoid Cartilage

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7
Q

Larynx: Structure

Cavities: Superior -> Inferior (5)

A

Aditus Laryngis (Entry)
Vestibule (Space)

False Vocal Folds / Ventricular Folds

Ventricle (Smaller space)

Vocal Folds (Rima Glottis (space between folds)

Subglottic space

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8
Q

Larynx: Cavities

Regions (3)

A

Supraglottal Region
Begins: Ventricle (space: between false & true vocal folds)
False Vocal folds (Walls)

Rima Glottis
Between True Vocal Folds (Space)

Subglottal Antium
Below true vocal folds
Walls: Conus Elasticus

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9
Q

Larynx: Cavities

Pyriform Sulcus
Location
Function (2)

A

Location:
Lateral to Aditus Laryngis

Function
Deposit for food and liquids during swallowing
Prevents fluids to the larynx between swallows

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10
Q

Larynx Cavities -

Upper Section
Membrane:
Ligament

Lower Section
Membrane
Ligament

A

Upper Section
Membrane: Quadrangular membrane
Ligament: Ventricular ligament, inferior of quadrangular membrane (Ventricular folds)

Lower Section
Membrane: Conus Elasticus (Lateral Cricothyroid ligament)
Ligament: Vocal Ligament (superior conus elasticus)

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11
Q

2 types of vocal folds;

A

False Vocal folds
True Vocal Folds

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12
Q

False Vocal (Ventricular/ FVF) folds:

Function
Structure

A

Function:
Prevent food from entering trachea during swallow

Structure:
Formed by draping of mucosa over
Medial & borders of vestibular ligament

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13
Q

True Vocal Folds

Function
Structure

A

Function
Phonation

Structure
Formed by superficial border (vocal ligament) of the conus elasticus
Conus elasticus is inferior to the cricothyroid ligament

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14
Q

Are the True vocal folds located where the laryngeal prominence is?

A

yes

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15
Q

True Vocal Folds Structure

Superficial -> Deep (5)

A

Cover:

Epithelium
Superficial Lamina Propria
Intermediate Lamina Propria

Body:
Deep Lamina Propria
Vocalis Muscle

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16
Q

Vocal Folds:

Membranous Parts: % Anterior/posterior
Location:

Cartilaginous parts: % Anterior/Posterior
Location:

A

Membranous part:
60% anterior
Location: between Thyroid cartilage & tips of arytenoid cartilages

Cartilaginous Part:
40% posterior
Location: between arytenoid

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17
Q

Cricoarytenoid joints:

Location
function

A

Location:
Between arytenoid cartilages and cricoid cartilage

Function:
Adduction / abduction of vocal folds
Medial compression of vocal folds

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18
Q

Cricoarytenoid joints:

Arytenoid movements: (2)

A

Rocking
Sliding
rotating

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19
Q

Cricothyroid joint

Location:
Movement:

A

Location:
Between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Movement:
Rotation
Gliding
Of cricoid and thyroid cartilages

Function:
Stretches and relaxes vocal folds -> pitch changes

20
Q

Glottis:

A

Vocal folds + rima glottis
Full approximation: no glottis

21
Q

Glottis Shapes = function
phonation
Whispering
Forced respiration

A

Phonation
Glottis is closed
Vocal folds are adducted with medial compression

Whispering
Glottis is anteriorly closed with opening at the posterior end
Vocal folds are adducted

Forced respiration
Glottis is open
Vocal folds are abducted

22
Q

Laryngeal muscles:

2 types:
Function

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Function:
Fine adjustments -> control phonation

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Function
Laryngeal elevation
Laryngeal depression

23
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Origin insertion on ___

A

Origin and insertion on
Laryngeal Cartilages

24
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Innervation

A

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

25
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Major functions: (3)

A

Adduction
Folds brought together = phonation (voiced sounds)
Movement of vocal folds to midline

Abduction:
Folds separated = voiceless sounds + breathing
Movement of vocal folds away from midline

Length changes:
Change in tension of vocal folds

26
Q

Larynx: Intrinsic Musculature:

Types: (3)

A

Abductors / Adductors
Tensors / Relaxers
Auxillary musculature

27
Q

Adductors

2 muscles

A

Move vocal folds to midline
No glottis

Muscles
Lateral cricoarytenoids muscles
Adduct anterior 2/3s (approx 60% = 60% membranous)

Arytenoid muscles
Adduct posterior 1/3 (approx 40% = cartilaginous)

28
Q

Adductor:
Lateral Cricoarytenoids muscles

Function:
Attachments:
Movement:

A

Function:
closes glottis
Adducts vocal folds
Increases medial compression

Attachments:
Cricoid cartilage: lateral margins
Arytenoids: Muscular processes

Movement:
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles constricts towards anterior cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids (Muscular process) is pulled anteriorly and down ->
Adducts vocal folds; Medial Compression

29
Q

Adductor:
Arytenoid Muscles (2)

Function:
Attachments
Movement

A

2 Arytenoid muscles
Oblique arytenoid
Transverse arytenoid

Function:
Closes glottis
Adducts vocal folds

Attachments:
Transverse Arytenoids:
Runs between arytenoids
Oblique Arytenoids
Connects arytenoids in X shape

Movement
Arytenoid muscles constricts
Draws arytenoids posteriorly
Adducts vocal folds

30
Q

Abductor muscle (1)

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
Weaker abductory force = tracheal tug

31
Q

Abductor Muscles: (1.5)

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Function
Attachments
Movement

A

Abductor Muscles:

Function:
Opens glottis
Abducts true vocal folds

Attachment
Posterior cricoid cartilage ->
Arytenoid Cartilages (muscular processes)

Movement
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles constricts medially
Rotate arytenoids
Separates vocal folds

32
Q

Vocal Length Change (Tensors /Relaxers)

Joints:
Vocal Folds Lengthen: ___ muscle (contraction
Vocal folds shorten: ___muscle (contraction)

A

@ Cricothyroid joints

Vocal folds lengthen
Cricothyroid muscles (contract)

Vocal folds shorten
Thyroarytenoid muscles (contract)

33
Q

Tensor: Cricothyroid muscles

Function
Attachment
movement

A

Function
Tenses vocal folds: stretches + thins

Attachment
Anterior cricoid cartilage ->
Thyroid cartilage (inferior aspects)

Movement
Contraction of cricothyroid muscles -> downward tilt of thyroid cartilage @ cricothyroid joints
Stretches vocal folds (tension increased)
Higher pitch

34
Q

Tensor: Thyroarytenoid muscles

2 parts:

A

2 parts:
Thyrovocalis
Thyromuscularis

35
Q

Tensor: Thyrovocalis (Thyroarytenoid muscles)

Function
Attachments
Movement

A

Function
Tension in vocal folds
Inner aspect of thyroarytenoid muscles

Attachments
Thyroid cartilage (internal aspect)
Arytenoid (vocal process)
Vocal ligament

Movement
Constriction of Thyrovocalis muscle -> pulls arytenoids to thyroid cartilage ->shortens (relaxes) vocal folds / changes tension of vocal folds -> modifies sound -> lowers pitch

36
Q

Tensor: Thyromuscularis
(Thyroarytenoid muscles)

Function
Attachments
movement

A

Function
Relaxes vocal folds
Part of the thyroarytenoid muscles

Attachments
Thyroid cartilage (internal aspect)
Arytenoid cartilage (muscular processes)

Movement
Constriction of thyromuscularis -> pulls arytenoids towards thyroid -> shortens the vocal folds -> lower pitch voice

37
Q

Auxillary Muscles:

Thyroepiglottic Muscle

Function
Attachment
movement

A

Function:
Opens Airway (ventricular folds)

Attachments
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis

Function:
Constriction of thyroepiglottic muscle ->widens Aditus laryngus
(airway opeining)

38
Q

Auxillary Muscle:

Aryepiglottic Muscles

Function
Attachments
movement

A

Function
Constricts aditus laryngis
Moves epiglottis down to close off airway

Attachments
Arytenoids
Epigottis

Movement
Constriction of aryepiglottic muscles -> constriction of aditus laryngis + epiglottis moves down -> closes off airway

39
Q

Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature

Attached to____ one

A

Attached to one non-laryngeal structure

40
Q

Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature

Types: (2)

A

Suprahyoid M.: Hyoid & laryngeal elevators

Infrahyoid M.: Hyoid and laryngeal depressor

41
Q

Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature

Hyoid Function laryngeal elevators

Location
Muscles: Suprahyoid M. (5)
Function: (2)

A

Location:
Superior to hyoid bone

Muscles:
Suprahyoid Muscles
SMGHD
S: Stylohyoid
M: Mylohyoid
G: Genionhyoid
H: Hyoglossus
D: Digastric (anterior + posterior)

Function:
Elevates hyoid bone ->
Raises aditus laryngis so epiglottis can cover it during swallowing
increases tension on conus elasticus -> higher pitch voice

42
Q

Larynx: Extrinsic Musculature

Hyoid & Laryngeal Depressors

Location
Muscles: Infrahyoid M. (4)
Function: (1)

A

Location:
Inferior to hyoid bone

Muscles:
Infrahyoid M. (4)
TOSS
T: Thyrohyoid
O: Omohyoid
S: Sternohyoid
S: Sternothyroid

Function:
Depresses hyoid bone -> reduce tension in conus elasticus -> decrease pitch

43
Q

Vagus nerve (CN X):

Innervate Larynx: 2 branches

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

44
Q

Motor Innervation (Intrinsic Muscles)

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Motor Innervation:

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Innervates cricothyroid muscle

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

45
Q

Sensory Innervation
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Sensory Innervation:

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Innervates mucosa ABOVE vocal folds

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Innervates mucosa BELOW vocal folds

46
Q

Which nerve is easily damaged and which muscles does it affect?

A

The left Recurrent laryngeal Nerve that comes down and under the aortic arch and then up to the larynx. This nerve is exposed so can be cut during open heart surgery which will affect movement in the left vocal folds.

When compressed it affects the conduction of action potential which impacts the motor function of the larynx

Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy (6 decks)

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