Module 1 - Nervous System - Cranial Nerves Flashcards
2 main parts of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
2 Parts
^ Autonomic NS
^ Somatic NS (soma, body)
Peripheral Autonomic NS:
^ controls__
^ voluntary / Involuntary?
(2 parts of PNS)
Controls Organs & glands
Involuntary
Autonomic NS -> 2 Parts
^ Parasympathetic (rest & Digest)
^ Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Somatic NS:
^ Nerves that talk to __
^ voluntary / Involuntary ?
(2 parts of PNS)
^ Nerves talk to muscle
^ Voluntary
Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves
Similarities
Differences
Similarities
Apart of PNS
Can be motor/ sensory / both
Both nerves
Differences
Spinal nerves connect BODY structures (biceps) -> CNS
Cranial nerves connect HEAD & NECK structures -> BRAIN / BRAINSTEM
Central Nervous System:
comprises of (2)
^ Brain (Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum)
^ Spinal Cord
Neuron:
Structural & Functional Unit of the nervous System
4 types of neurons:
^ Unipolar
^ Bipolar
^ Pseudounipolar (Pseudo: not Genuine)
^ Multipolar
Unipolar Neuron (2)
(4 types of Neurons)
Structure
Where?
Structure:
One cell body with one projection (axon)
Where?
Sensory Neurons
Bipolar Neuron
(4 types of Neurons)
Structure
Where?
Structure:
One cell body
2 projections
Dendrites on one end, axon on another end
Where?
Special sensory neurons (taste, hearing)
Pseudounipolar Neuron (2)
(4 types of Neurons)
Structure
Where?
Structure:
Once soma cell body on the side
With axon
Multipolar Neuron:
(4 types of Neurons)
Structure
Where?
Structure:
One cell body
Multiple projections
Where:
Most common type in the human body
Mainly motor neurons
Myelinated vs Unmyelinated neurons
Myelinated neurons
Have schwann cells coiled tightly around axon (PNS)
Faster conduction of nerve impulse compared to unmyelinated
Unmyelinated neurons
Have loose schwann cells around axons
Slower conduction of nerve impulse vs myelinated
Glial cells:
Non-neuronal cells that provide service for the neurons
Eg. Nourish, support, protect neurons
Central Nervous System:
4 parts - function
^ Cerebrum (thinking)
^ Brainstem (essential to keep you alive, breathing)
-> Midbrain
-> Pons
-> Medulla
^ Cerebellum (balance, coordination, proprioception)
^ Spinal Cord (the big wire)
Cerebrum:
4 parts
(CNS)
^ Frontal Lobe (front, motor, executive function)
^ Parietal Lobe (top, body sensations)
^ Temporal Lobe (side, auditory, memory)
^ Occipital Lobe (back, vision)
Cortex - outer layer of brain
Nerves
Nerves transport to and from regions to connect to CNS (can be motor, sensory or both)
Spinal Nerves
^ nerves enter and exit CNS via spinal cord
Nerves from the spinal cord to brain
^ can be sensory or motor
Cranial Nerves
- enter exit via
- nerves connected___
- type
^ nerves enter and exit CNS via cerebrum or brainstem
Nerves connected directly to brain
^ can be sensory, motor or both
PNS Neurons
General
Special
Somatic
Visceral
Afferent
Efferent
General
Relates to structures not considered special
Special (5)
Relates to structures that are special (taste, hearing, vision, balance, smell)
Somatic
relates to structures: Skin, muscle, skeletal, bone
Visceral
Relates to organ structures: kidney, liver, stomach, glands, muscle
Afferent
Sensory: Info from visceral/ somatic -> CNS
Efferent
Motor: info CNS -> somatic / visceral
Neurons that control
Vision + hearing
Taste + smell
Skeletal muscles of larynx + pharynx
SSA (vision + hearing)
SVA (taste, smell)
SVE (skeletal muscles of larynx & pharynx)
Sensory neurons
(2 Nerve fibre types)
Afferent
Carries information from receptors to CNS (touch of skin, taste from tongue)
Sensory fibres: 2 Types
^ Somatic Sensory = from body wall
^ Viceral Sensory = from body organs
