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Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy > Module 1 - Nervous System - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Module 1 - Nervous System - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

2 main parts of the nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

2 Parts

A

^ Autonomic NS
^ Somatic NS (soma, body)

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3
Q

Peripheral Autonomic NS:

^ controls__
^ voluntary / Involuntary?
(2 parts of PNS)

A

Controls Organs & glands
Involuntary

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4
Q

Autonomic NS -> 2 Parts

A

^ Parasympathetic (rest & Digest)
^ Sympathetic (fight or flight)

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5
Q

Somatic NS:
^ Nerves that talk to __
^ voluntary / Involuntary ?
(2 parts of PNS)

A

^ Nerves talk to muscle
^ Voluntary

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6
Q

Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves

Similarities
Differences

A

Similarities
Apart of PNS
Can be motor/ sensory / both
Both nerves

Differences
Spinal nerves connect BODY structures (biceps) -> CNS
Cranial nerves connect HEAD & NECK structures -> BRAIN / BRAINSTEM

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7
Q

Central Nervous System:
comprises of (2)

A

^ Brain (Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum)
^ Spinal Cord

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8
Q

Neuron:

A

Structural & Functional Unit of the nervous System

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9
Q

4 types of neurons:

A

^ Unipolar
^ Bipolar
^ Pseudounipolar (Pseudo: not Genuine)
^ Multipolar

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10
Q

Unipolar Neuron (2)
(4 types of Neurons)

Structure
Where?

A

Structure:
One cell body with one projection (axon)

Where?
Sensory Neurons

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11
Q

Bipolar Neuron
(4 types of Neurons)

Structure
Where?

A

Structure:
One cell body
2 projections
Dendrites on one end, axon on another end

Where?
Special sensory neurons (taste, hearing)

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12
Q

Pseudounipolar Neuron (2)
(4 types of Neurons)

Structure
Where?

A

Structure:
Once soma cell body on the side
With axon

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13
Q

Multipolar Neuron:
(4 types of Neurons)

Structure
Where?

A

Structure:
One cell body
Multiple projections

Where:
Most common type in the human body
Mainly motor neurons

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14
Q

Myelinated vs Unmyelinated neurons

A

Myelinated neurons
Have schwann cells coiled tightly around axon (PNS)
Faster conduction of nerve impulse compared to unmyelinated

Unmyelinated neurons
Have loose schwann cells around axons
Slower conduction of nerve impulse vs myelinated

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15
Q

Glial cells:

A

Non-neuronal cells that provide service for the neurons
Eg. Nourish, support, protect neurons

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16
Q

Central Nervous System:
4 parts - function

A

^ Cerebrum (thinking)

^ Brainstem (essential to keep you alive, breathing)
-> Midbrain
-> Pons
-> Medulla

^ Cerebellum (balance, coordination, proprioception)

^ Spinal Cord (the big wire)

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17
Q

Cerebrum:
4 parts
(CNS)

A

^ Frontal Lobe (front, motor, executive function)
^ Parietal Lobe (top, body sensations)
^ Temporal Lobe (side, auditory, memory)
^ Occipital Lobe (back, vision)

Cortex - outer layer of brain

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18
Q

Nerves

A

Nerves transport to and from regions to connect to CNS (can be motor, sensory or both)

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19
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

^ nerves enter and exit CNS via spinal cord
Nerves from the spinal cord to brain
^ can be sensory or motor

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20
Q

Cranial Nerves
- enter exit via
- nerves connected___
- type

A

^ nerves enter and exit CNS via cerebrum or brainstem
Nerves connected directly to brain
^ can be sensory, motor or both

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21
Q

PNS Neurons

General
Special

Somatic
Visceral

Afferent
Efferent

A

General
Relates to structures not considered special

Special (5)
Relates to structures that are special (taste, hearing, vision, balance, smell)

Somatic
relates to structures: Skin, muscle, skeletal, bone
Visceral
Relates to organ structures: kidney, liver, stomach, glands, muscle

Afferent
Sensory: Info from visceral/ somatic -> CNS
Efferent
Motor: info CNS -> somatic / visceral

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22
Q

Neurons that control
Vision + hearing
Taste + smell
Skeletal muscles of larynx + pharynx

A

SSA (vision + hearing)
SVA (taste, smell)
SVE (skeletal muscles of larynx & pharynx)

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23
Q

Sensory neurons
(2 Nerve fibre types)

A

Afferent
Carries information from receptors to CNS (touch of skin, taste from tongue)

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24
Q

Sensory fibres: 2 Types

A

^ Somatic Sensory = from body wall
^ Viceral Sensory = from body organs

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25
Q

Motor neurons
(2 Nerve fibre types)

A

efferent
Carries action potential from CNS to PNS to effect muscles

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26
Q

Motor fibres: 2 types

A

Somatic motor = to body wall muscles

Viceral motor = to glands or organs

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27
Q

Interneurons

A

In CNS only to facilitate efficient communication between neurons

28
Q

Layers of a nerve: (3)

A

Epineurium:
Outer layer of the nerve
Contains fascicles, arteries, veins

Perineurium:
Binds nerve filaments -> fascicles

Endoneurium:
Binds each nerve filament / axon

29
Q

12 Cranial Nerves names:

A

CN I - Olfactory
CN II - Optic
CN III - Oculomotor
CN IV - Trochlear
CN V - Trigeminal
CN VI - Abducens
CN VII - Facial
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN XI - Accessory
CN XII - Hypoglossal

30
Q

Which Nerves are afferent / efferent / both?

A

Some = I
Say = II
Marry = III
Money = IV
But = V
My = VI
Brother = VII
Says = VIII
Big = IX
Brains = X
Matter = XI
More = XII

31
Q

CNI

A

Olfactory
S: Smell (SVA)

32
Q

CNII

A

Optic
S: Vision (SSA)

33
Q

CNIII

A

Oculomotor
M:
Moves eye (GSE)
Moves pupil (GVE)

34
Q

CNIV

A

Trochlear
M:
Moves eye downward (GSE)

35
Q

CNV

A

Trigeminal
S: sensory in face (Opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) (GSA)

M: muscles for mastication (GSE)

36
Q

CNVI

A

Abducens
M:
Abducts eye (GSE)

37
Q

CNVII

A

Facial

M:
Facial expressions (GSE)
Saliva glands (GVE)

S:
Taste (anterior 2/3): (SVA)
External Ear: (GSA)

38
Q

CNVIII

A

Vestibulocochlear
S:
Hearing & Balance (SSA)

39
Q

CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal

S:
Taste (posterior): (SVA)
Posterior oral cavity GSA)

M:
Saliva Glands (GVE)
Swallowing M. (GSE)

40
Q

CNX

A

Vagus
S:
Taste in the Pharyngeal area (SVA)
Sensations of laryngopharynx + larynx (GSA)

M:
larynx (GSE)
Pharynx & Velar M. (Swallowing) (GSE)
Paraysympathetic control (GVE)

41
Q

CNXI

A

Accessory
M:
Neck muscles (GSE)

42
Q

CNXII

A

Hypoglossal
M:
Tongue movement (GSE)

43
Q

Cranial Nerves for Speech and Swallowing: (5)

A

(5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12)
CNV Trigeminal
CNVII Facial
CNIX Glossopharyngeal
CNX Vagus
CNXI Accessory
CNXII Hypoglossal

44
Q

Anatomical Planes: (3)

A

Sagittal (Left/Right)
Transverse (Up/Down)
Coronal (Front/back)

45
Q

Directions (5)

A

Anterior vs Posterior
(front vs back)

Superior vs Inferior
(Above vs Below)

Lateral vs Medial
(Away from midline vs central)

Superficial vs Deep
(Outside vs Inside)

Proximal vs Distal
(closer to body vs further away from body)

46
Q

Movements

A

Flexion vs Extension
(Smaller angle between 2 body parts - fetal position)

Lateral Flexion
(Coronal view: small angle between 2 parts)

Abduction vs Adduction
(Away from mid line vs adding to midline)

Rotation + Gliding

Elevations vs Depression
(Up: contracted muscles vs Down: gravity)

Protraction vs Retraction
(Protrude vs Retract)

47
Q

Cranial nerves for speech & Swallowing (6) - check not 7

A

CNV: Trigeminal
CNVII: Facial
CNIX: Glossopharyngeal
CNX: Vagus
CNX!: Accessory
CNXII: Hypoglossal

48
Q

Cranial Nerves for Hearing (1)

A

CNVIII: Vestibulocochlear

49
Q

Directional Terms:
Nose is anterior to occipital bone

A

Nose is in front of the occipital bone

50
Q

Directional Terms:
Heel is posterior to the toe

A

Heel is to the back of the toe

51
Q

Directional Terms:
Knee is superior to the foot

A

Knee is above the foot

52
Q

Directional Terms:
Mandible is inferior to the nose

A

Mandible is below the nose

53
Q

Directional Terms:
Tongue tip is the distal point of the tongue

A

Tongue tip is the furthest away from the base of the tongue

54
Q

Directional Terms:
Shoulder is proximal to the hand

A

Shoulder is closer to the body than the hand

55
Q

Directional Terms
The ear is lateral to the nose

A

The ears are to the side of the nose

56
Q

Directional Terms
The nose is medial to the eyes

A

The nose is centred to the eyes

57
Q

Directional Terms
The skin is superficial to the bone

A

The skin is on the outer layer of the bone

58
Q

Directional Terms
The lungs are deeper to the ribs

A

Lungs are deeper in the body than the ribs

59
Q

Flexion:
Extension:
Lateral flexion:

A

Flexion: Movement that decrease angle between two body parts (fetal position)

Extension: movement that increases angle between two body parts

Lateral Flexion: Movement of body to the side to decrease angle between the two parts

60
Q

Flexion + Extension occurs in which plane?

A

Sagittal plane

61
Q

Lateral Flexion occurs in which plane?

A

Coronal Plane

62
Q

Abduction:
Adduction:

A

Abduction: (Abduct = away from the midline)
Adduction: (add to the midline)

63
Q

Abduction, Adduction occurs in which plane?

A

Coronal plane

64
Q

Rotation:
Gliding:

A

Rotation: rotation of body parts
Gliding: bones surfaces move past each other (waving hand)

65
Q

Elevation:
Depression:

A

Elevation: up (Contract muscles)
Depression: down (let gravity do the job)

66
Q

Protraction:
Retraction:

A

Protraction: (Protrude) bring forward
Retraction: Move back

Sem 2 - SPHY102 - Anatomy (6 decks)

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