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ANAT380 > Module 5: Back and axilla > Flashcards

Module 5: Back and axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The sacrum

A

Large bone located at terminal part of vertebral column

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2
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with?

A

Articulates with ileum bilaterally and fifth lumbar vertebrae at its base

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3
Q

Sacral canal

A

Continuation of vertebral canal terminating at sacral hiatus

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4
Q

Sacral foramina

A

4 sacral foramina located lateral to the fused sacral bodies

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5
Q

Sacral cornua

A

Two bony processes that palpated by clinicians as an anatomical landmark when administrating injections into sacral hiatus

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6
Q

Promontory

A

Where upper border of base of sacrum articulates with L5

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7
Q

The coccyx

A

Four fused coccygeal vertebrae that articulate with sacrum superiorly at sacrococcygeal joint

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8
Q

Accessory ligaments of vertebral column

A
  1. Ligamentum flavum
  2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Posterior longitudinal ligament
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9
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of vertebral canal in lumbar region; caused by extra bone or tissue growth in the vertebral canal from calcification of ligamentum flavum or outgrowth of bone

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10
Q

Symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis

A

Numbness and weakness in lower limb, lower back pain, pain with walking and standing, pain relief when bending forward

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11
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back

A

Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Trapezius
Levator scapulae

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12
Q

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (bicipital groove)

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13
Q

Symptoms of latissimus dorsi strain

A

Lower back pain that radiates up to scapula, pain with lateral flexion or extension of back, adduction, rotation of arm

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14
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles (lateral to medial)

A

Iliocostalis, longissiumus and spinalis

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15
Q

Action of erector spinae muscles

A

Extend vertebral column

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16
Q

Symptoms of illiocostalis muscle strain

A

Back pain, decreased ROM of spine, pain that worsens when sitting for long periods, standing or climbing stairs

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17
Q

Common injured regions of iliocostalis muscle

A
  1. Iliocostalis thoracis
  2. Iliocostalis lumborum
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18
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis region

A

Pain felt along medial border of scapula and posterior thorax

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19
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum region

A

Pain felt in sacroiliac region

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20
Q

How is the iliocostalis muscle strain different from a latissimus dorsi muscle strain?

A

Latissimus dorsi- superolateral pain
Iliocostalis strain- anterior and posterior thorax pain, pain that radiates to sacroiliac region

21
Q

Anterior wall of axilla

A

Pec major

22
Q

Posterior wall of axilla

A

Subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major

23
Q

Medial wall of axilla

A

Serratus anterior

24
Q

Lateral wall of axilla

A

Inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

25
Q

Apex of axilla

A

Base of neck

26
Q

Base of axilla

A

Skin of armpit

27
Q

What makes up the brachial plexus?

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

28
Q

What spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

29
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

Superior: C5-C6
Middle: C7
Inferior: C8-T1

30
Q

Divisions of brachial plexus

A

3 anterior
3 posterior

31
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A

Medial, lateral posterior
Formed by combination of anterior and posterior divisions

32
Q

Branches of brachial plexus

A
  1. Musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord)
  2. Axillary (posterior cord)
  3. Median (medial and lateral cord)
  4. Radial (posterior cord)
  5. Ulnar (medial cord)
33
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-C7
Motor innervation to anterior compartment of arm

34
Q

Axillary nerve

A

C5, C6
Motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor

35
Q

Median nerve

A

C6-T1
Motor innervation to most of muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and five intrinsic muscles of hand

36
Q

Radial nerve

A

C5-T1
Motor innervation to posterior compartment of arm and forearm

37
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1
Motor innervation to 2 muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and most of intrinsic muscles of hand

38
Q

Posterior cord damage (radial and axillary nerve)

A

Paralysis of deltoid muscle (abduction) and muscles of posterior compartment of arm (extension)

39
Q

What arteries supply the upper limb?

A
  1. Subclavian
  2. Axillary
  3. Brachial
  4. Radial and ulnar
40
Q

Axillary artery damage symptoms

A

Bruising, swelling/redness, elevated temp, weak radial pulse

41
Q

What veins drain the upper limb?

A

Radial
Ulnar
Cephalic
Basilic
Medial cubital
Brachial
Axillary

42
Q

Radial vein

A

Drains blood from deep structures of palm and lateral aspect of forearm

43
Q

Ulnar vein

A

Drains blood from deep structures of palm and medial aspect of forearm

44
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Drains into axillary vein
Begins at dorsum of hand and travels up lateral side of anterior forearm

45
Q

Basilic vein

A

Becomes axillary vein
Begins on dorsum of hand, travels up medial side of anterior forearm

46
Q

Medial cubital vein

A

Connects basilic and cephalic veins at cubital fossa
Where blood is drawn

47
Q

Brachial vein

A

Drains into axillary vein
Receives blood from radial and ulnar veins

48
Q

Axillary vein

A

Becomes subclavian vein

ANAT380 (8 decks)

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