Module 2: The Abdomen Flashcards
4 quadrants of the abdomen
Left and right upper and lower
9 divisions of the anterior abdominal wall
- Epigastric
- Umbilical
- Hypogastric
- Left hypochondriac
- Left lumbar
- Left inguinal
- Right hypochondriac
- Right lumbar
- Right inguinal
Layers of the abdominal wall (superficial to deep)
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Investing fascia
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transervsalis abdominus
- Extraperiotoneal fat
- Transversalis fascia
- Parietal peritoneum
What is a liposuction?
Surgical suctioning of fat deposits of the body, involves the removal of the superficial facia layer (Camper’s fascia)
Superficial fascia layer divisions
Camper’s fascia (superficial)
Scarpa’s fascia (membranous)
Symptoms of potential liposuction complications
Bruising, swelling, damage to other layers of abdominal wall
What is the rectus sheath?
Protective layer within the anterior abdominal wall that supports and protects the contents of the abdomen
What is the rectus sheath made up of?
The aponeurotic internal oblique, external oblique and transversus abdominus
What is an aponeurosis?
Flat-sheet of tendon like material that anchors a muscle or connects it w the part that the muscle moves
What is rectus abdominus diastasis?
Condition in which the rectus abdominus muscles become separated due to a thinning and widening of the linea alba
Symptoms of rectus abdominus diastasis
Protruding midline and lower back pain
Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall
- Superior epigastric artery
- Inferior epigastric artery
Superior epigastric artery
Terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery
Enters rectus sheath posteriorly and anastomoses w the inferior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Branch of external iliac artery
What is a rectus sheath hematoma?
Result of bleeding of the rectus sheath from damage to the superior and/or inferior epigastric arteries and their branches which could happen from a direct tear of rectus sheath or abdominal muscles
Symptoms of rectus sheath hematoma
Blood collects on anterior abdominal wall causing bruising, tenderness, pain and bulging of abdomen
Lymphatic drainage of anterior abdominal wall
- Superficial
- Deep
Superficial lymphatic drainage
Drainage to axillary nodes from above the umbilicus to the superficial inguinal nodes below the umbilicus
Deep lymphatic drainage
Drainage to external iliac, common iliac and lumbar nodes
Inguinal canal
4-6cm in length located in lower anterior abdominal wall
Imp passageway for structures btwn abdominal and pelvic region
Inguinal rings
Ends of the inguinal canal, act at doorways for contents to enter and exit
Superficial inguinal ring
Opening in external oblique aponeurosis, superior to pubic tubercle
Deep inguinal ring
Invagination of transversals fascia, superior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
Contents of inguinal canal in females
Main structure is the round ligament of uterus