Module 5

Question 1

Referring to the totality of all natural relations and institutions between man and man

Answer 1

Society

Question 2

6 kinds of society

Answer 2

• Hunting and gathering society
• Pastoral society
• Agricultural society
• Horticultural society
• Industrial society
• Post-industrial society

Question 3

Societies that rely primarily and exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits and vegetables to support their diet. They depend on what nature provides for their subsistence

Answer 3

Hunting and gathering society

Question 4

It is a social group of pastoralists. Daily life is centered on tending of herds and flocks.

Answer 4

Pastoral society

Question 5

Their way of life is based on pastoralism and is typically nomadic

Answer 5

Pastoralists

Question 6

any society whose economy is based on producing and maintining crops and farmland.

Answer 6

Agricultural society

Question 7

a society devoted to the study and culture of cultivated plants.

Answer 7

Horticultural society

Question 8

It refers to a society driven by the use technology to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division and labour. People in these societies have a greater chance of improving their situation in life

Answer 8

Industrial society

Question 9

it is the stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. The primary means of subsistence is doing service-oriented work in the industries. These societies are described as occurring on the Information Age

Answer 9

Post-industrial society

Question 10

A political human organization that is sovereign and supreme in exercising its authority within its territory. It comes from the Latin word “status”, means “condition”.

Answer 10

State

Question 11

The political institution that manages the affairs of the state. Thus, it is only a part of the state. It is the agency that carries out the will of the people. Its main objective is to protect the people from both external and internal harm

Answer 11

Government

Question 12

Refers to a group of people based on language, culture, ethnicity, and others. It comes from the Latin word, “nation” means “set of people”

Answer 12

Nation

Question 13

3 elements of the state

Answer 13

• People
• Territory
• Government and sovereignty

Question 14

3 justification of the state

Answer 14

• Divine right theory
• Social contract theory
• Consequentialist approach

Question 15

It is also called the Theory of the Divine Right of Kings which claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government whose ruler is appointed by God. It claims that the ruler’s right is absolute.

Answer 15

Divine right theory

Question 16

It is also called the Consent Theory of the State which claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government that fulfills its primary functions as determined by its contract with its citizens

Answer 16

Social contract theory

Question 17

He describes the condition in the state of nature as “a war of all against all” or where everyone is at war with everyone else

Answer 17

Thomas Hobbes

Question 18

He believes that in the state of nature all humans are created equal by God in that they all have the same natural rights

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

He sees the actions of people in the state of nature as motivated not only by self-preservation bit by pity or compassion for one another as well

Answer 19

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 20

Claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government that increases the overall happiness of its constituents

Answer 20

Consequentialist Approach

Question 21

The guiding principle of maximizing overall happiness which states that an act is morally good if it promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people

Answer 21

Greatest happiness principle

Question 22

He has two considerations in his classification: the number of rulers, and whether rulers rule to advance their personal interests or the common interests or good of the citizens of the state

Answer 22

Aristotle

Question 23

The good form of government is monarchy or kingship, while the bad form is tyranny or dictatorship

Answer 23

Rule of one

Question 24

The good form is aristocracy while the bad form is oligarchy

Answer 24

Rule of the few

Question 25

The good form is constitutional government or polity, while the bad form is democracy

Answer 25

Rule of the many

Question 26

Democracy’s three division of powers

Answer 26

• Executive
• Legislative
• Judicial

Question 27

The power to make, amend, and repeal laws

Answer 27

Legislative power

Question 28

The power to execute the laws in ways that are efficient but which respect human rights

Answer 28

Executive power

Question 29

The power to punish criminals, or resolve disputes that arise between individuals or parties

Answer 29

Judicial power

Question 30

According to him, the rightful captain of the ship ought to be the one who has skill of navigation, and not anyone who happens to be popular among the crew

Answer 30

Plato

Question 31

Where people directly express their opinions to the government

Answer 31

Direct/participatory democracy

Question 32

Where people elect their representatives through whom they will express their opinions to the government

Answer 32

Representative democracy