Module 5 Flashcards
Referring to the totality of all natural relations and institutions between man and man
Society
6 kinds of society
- Hunting and gathering society
- Pastoral society
- Agricultural society
- Horticultural society
- Industrial society
- Post-industrial society
Societies that rely primarily and exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits and vegetables to support their diet. They depend on what nature provides for their subsistence
Hunting and gathering society
It is a social group of pastoralists. Daily life is centered on tending of herds and flocks.
Pastoral society
Their way of life is based on pastoralism and is typically nomadic
Pastoralists
any society whose economy is based on producing and maintining crops and farmland.
Agricultural society
a society devoted to the study and culture of cultivated plants.
Horticultural society
It refers to a society driven by the use technology to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division and labour. People in these societies have a greater chance of improving their situation in life
Industrial society
it is the stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. The primary means of subsistence is doing service-oriented work in the industries. These societies are described as occurring on the Information Age
Post-industrial society
A political human organization that is sovereign and supreme in exercising its authority within its territory. It comes from the Latin word “status”, means “condition”.
State
The political institution that manages the affairs of the state. Thus, it is only a part of the state. It is the agency that carries out the will of the people. Its main objective is to protect the people from both external and internal harm
Government
Refers to a group of people based on language, culture, ethnicity, and others. It comes from the Latin word, “nation” means “set of people”
Nation
3 elements of the state
- People
- Territory
- Government and sovereignty
3 justification of the state
- Divine right theory
- Social contract theory
- Consequentialist approach
It is also called the Theory of the Divine Right of Kings which claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government whose ruler is appointed by God. It claims that the ruler’s right is absolute.
Divine right theory
It is also called the Consent Theory of the State which claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government that fulfills its primary functions as determined by its contract with its citizens
Social contract theory
He describes the condition in the state of nature as “a war of all against all” or where everyone is at war with everyone else
Thomas Hobbes
He believes that in the state of nature all humans are created equal by God in that they all have the same natural rights
John Locke
He sees the actions of people in the state of nature as motivated not only by self-preservation bit by pity or compassion for one another as well
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Claims that a state is justified only if it is run by a government that increases the overall happiness of its constituents
Consequentialist Approach
The guiding principle of maximizing overall happiness which states that an act is morally good if it promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people
Greatest happiness principle
He has two considerations in his classification: the number of rulers, and whether rulers rule to advance their personal interests or the common interests or good of the citizens of the state
Aristotle
The good form of government is monarchy or kingship, while the bad form is tyranny or dictatorship
Rule of one
The good form is aristocracy while the bad form is oligarchy
Rule of the few
The good form is constitutional government or polity, while the bad form is democracy
Rule of the many
Democracy’s three division of powers
- Executive
- Legislative
- Judicial
The power to make, amend, and repeal laws
Legislative power
The power to execute the laws in ways that are efficient but which respect human rights
Executive power
The power to punish criminals, or resolve disputes that arise between individuals or parties
Judicial power
According to him, the rightful captain of the ship ought to be the one who has skill of navigation, and not anyone who happens to be popular among the crew
Plato
Where people directly express their opinions to the government
Direct/participatory democracy
Where people elect their representatives through whom they will express their opinions to the government
Representative democracy
