Module 1 Flashcards
Its original meaning is “love of wisdom”
Philosophy
It is the literal Filipino translation of the term philosopher and this person like to reason out or to engage in the activity of reasoning
Pilosopo
A Greek word which means “love”
Philein
A Greek word which means “wisdom”
Sophia
A lover of wisdom or one who loves wisdom; wise men/the one who knows
Philosopher
The Ancient Greek thinker more popularly known for his mathematical formula, the Pythagorean theorem. He first used the term “philosopher” and preferred to be called a “philosopher” rather than a sophist
Pythagoras
He is the father of Western philosophy and teacher of Plato
Socrates
Group of intellectuals who taught oratory (the art of public speaking) for free to individuals aspiring to have a successful career in politics; a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments. They believed that all truths are relative. Determined by human interests
Sophist
One who is aware of what he/she knows and what he/she does not know; holds beliefs that are not only true but which he/she can also justify; knows a lot about things that are valuable in life; can put his/her knowledge to practical use; does not only know what is true, but also knows what is good or what ought to be done in a given situation and he/she acts accordingly
Wise person
6 DEEPEST MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
- Historical Approach
- Analysis of Language
- Program of Change
- Set of Questions and Answers
- World View
- Criticism
“Historical significance” from wonder to wander. Therefore, having philosophy can expose us to the truth, but doing philosophy can bring us closer to the same truth
Historical Approach
To be filled with curiosity or doubt; an event inexplicable by the laws of nature, a miracle
Wonder
Walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way; an act or instance of wandering
Wander
Rejected metaphysics and accepted the simple but useful modern standard of scientific verification. Their thesis is that only truths of logic and empirically verifiable statements are meaningful
Analysis of Language
Karl Marx declared that the rome of philosophy is not to think about the world, but to change it. Philosophy is not to be an ivory tower enterprise without relevance to the world of human conditions
Program of Change
The attempt to clear away shabby thinking and establish concepts with greater precision and meaning. It must not be confused with skepticism and it is carried on for the pursuit of purer, or better knowledge
Criticism
He is one of the earliest to engage in philosophic criticism
Socrates
5 TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY
- Thematic Types
- Positional Types
- Methodological Types
- Regional Types
- Historical Types
Under this classification are the kinds of philosophy that are distinguished from one another according to the topic of the issues being addressed. Under this group are what we called branches of philosophy and what we shall call disciplinal philosophies
Thematic Types
10 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
- Logic
- Epistemology
- Metaphysics
- Ethics
- Aesthetics
- Social and Political Philosophy
- Philosophy of Science
- Philosophy of Religion
- Philosophy of Language
- Philosophy of Mind
Reasoning; distinguishing between correct and incorrect forms of reasoning
Logic
Knowledge; determining the kinds, sources, and conditions of knowledge
Epistemology
Reality, existence; establishing whether reality consists of physical objects only, of nonphysical objects only, or of both physical and nonphysical objects
Metaphysics
Morality; identifying the standards for making moral judgments, clarifying the meaning of moral judgements
Ethics
Beauty; determining the criteria for judgements about beauty
Aesthetics
The state; legitimizing the existence of the state, determining the limits of the state’s political power, defining social and distributive justice
Social and Political Philosophy
Science; distinguishing between scientific and nonscientific statements, justifying the process of induction
Philosophy of Science
Religious beliefs; clarifying the meaning of religious statements, proving the existence of God, reconciling the occurrence of evil with God’s goodness and power
Philosophy of Religion
Meaning of linguistic expressions; determining the meaning of proper names, definite descriptions, and psychological statements
Philosophy of Language
Mind or consciousness; establishing whether the mind is physical or not, identifying the properties of the mind, determining the possibility of artificial/machine intelligence
Philosophy of Mind
Under this classification are the kinds of philosophy that are distinguished from one another according to the solution that is being proposed for a certain issue. They correspond to what are called philosophical schools of thought or philosophical views
Positional Types
Under this classification are the kinds of philosophy that are distinguished from one another according to method used to resolve a certain issue. Philosophies are also classified according to the kind of philosophical method that they use in dealing with philosophical issues. They correspond to what are sometimes called philosophical movements, approaches, and traditions
Methodological Types
Some Influential Methodological Types of Philosophy (7)
- Analytic Philosophy
- Phenomenology
- Hermeneutics
- Marxism
- Existentialism
- Feminism
- Postmodernism
Which uses the methods of linguistic analysis, logical analysis, and conceptual analysis
Analytic Philosophy
Which used the methods of bracketing of presuppositions or suspension of judgements and direct experiental analysis
Phenomenology
Which uses different forms of textual analysis as methods of interpretation
Hermeneutics
Which used the methods of historical and economic analysis and dialectical materialism
Marxism
Which uses the method of existential analysis or analysis that related the question of life’s meaning
Existentialism
Which uses the method of gender analysis or analysis that considers the issue of gender inequality
Feminism
Which used the methods of deconstruction and power analysis
Postmodernism
Under this classification are the kinds of philosophies that are distinguished from one another according to the geographical location in which philosophizing transpires or flourishes. These are usually divided into two major types: the so-called Western philosophy and Eastern philosophy
Regional Types
Under this classification are the kinds of philosophies that are distinguished from one another according to the historical period in which philosophizing occurred
Historical Types
The philosophies of the Ancient Greek and Roman philosophies
Ancient Philosophy
Refer to the philosophies of the Pre-Socratics, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Ancient Greek philosophies
Include the philosophies of Seneca and Marcus Aurelius
Ancient Roman philosophies
This is commonly known as theocentrism, a God centered philosophy. This include the philosophies of St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, John Duns Scotus
Medieval Philosophy
The philosophies of modern rationalists, modern empiricists, Kant, the German idealists, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche
Modern Philosophy
The analytic philosophies, the phenomenology, the phenomenological-existential philosophies, the political philosophies, the Frankfurt school of philosophy, the hermeneutic philosophies, and the postmodern philosophies
Contemporary Philosophy
