Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHILO > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Can occur in the various forms of human relations such as those between friends, parents and children, teachers and students, colleagues in a workplace, siblings, employers and employees, and members of an academic organization or athletic team

A

Interpersonal/Intersubjective relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two levels of explaining the difference between the two ways of treating a person

A
  • Theoretical level

* Practical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In this level, we consider how the person sees, perceives, understands, or knows the other person in relation to his/her (the person’s) concepts and categories

A

Theoretical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The other person is seen as this when he/she is seen as someone who is conscious and free, and lacks a defined identity or fixed essence

A

Subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The other person is seen as this when he/she is seen as something that is unconscious and unfree, and has a defined identity or fixed essence

A

Object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In this level, we consider how the person’s action towards the other person relates to the person’s own interests (desires and preferences). This results in treating the other person either as a means or as an end

A

Practical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In using a person as this, one necessarily disregards the person’s interests

A

Means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In treating a person as this, one necessarily considers the person’s interests

A

End

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

He refers to the other person seen as a subject as a “You” or “Thou” while to the other person seen as an object as an “It.”

A

Martin Buber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The interpersonal relation wherein the other person is treated as a person

A

“I-You” relation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The non-interpersonal relation wherein the other person is treated as a non-person

A

“I-It” relation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

He divided two fundamental types of being: the being-for-itself and being-in-itself

A

Jean-Paul Sartre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An individual who is unconscious and unfree but whose identity or essence is already complete

A

Being-in-itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An individual who is conscious and free but whose identity or essence is incomplete

A

Being-for-itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It is Edmund Husserl’s method that is also called the “bracketing of presuppositions.” According to this method, to get at the essence of something we need to bracket or suspend our judgements and assumptions about it

A

Transcendental phenomenological method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

He thinks that the nature of a person, as a subject, cannot be captured by any of our concepts; and thus also considers seeing the other person solely in terms of our concepts as tantamount to treating the other person as an object

A

Emmanuel Levinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An act of violence against the other person

A

Totalization

18
Q

It is Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory. According to this principle, an action is morally good if it does not use persons merely as means but also ends at the same time

A

Principle of respect for persons

19
Q

Entitlements or interests one is allowed or permitted to pursue, or more simply, things a person may or may not do

A

Rights

20
Q

Duties not to interfere in the exercise of rights

A

Duties of non-interference/Negative rights

21
Q

Duties to provide the necessary conditions or resources for the exercise of rights

A

Duties or provision/Positive rights

22
Q

3 features relevant for acquiring rights

A
  • Contractual rights
  • Legal rights
  • Human rights
23
Q

Rights a person acquires when he/she enters into a contract or an agreement with another party, which can be an individual person, a group of persons, a company, or an institution

A

Contractual rights

24
Q

Rights that a person possesses by virtue of his/her citizenship-which is acquired either by birth or by choice

A

Legal rights

25
Q

Rights all human persons possess simply by virtue of being human

A

Human rights

26
Q

The possibility of living a long and fulfilling life, which depends on: economic security, environmental sustainability, political stability, cultural stability, freedom and justice

A

Human welfare

27
Q

2 ways of promoting human welfare

A
  • Doing good to others

* Being just to others

28
Q

The branch of philosophy that is devoted to the study of morality

A

Ethics

29
Q

3 kinds of ethics

A
  • Normative ethics
  • Metaethics
  • Applied/practical ethics
30
Q

Studies the principles or standards used as bases for making moral judgements (judgements that actions are good or bad)

A

Normative ethics

31
Q

Studies the nature of moral judgements in terms of how they are known and acquire their meanings

A

Metaethics

32
Q

Examines controversial ethical issues in some specified areas such as medicine, business, law, computing, and the environment

A

Applied/practical ethics

33
Q

3 standard normative ethical theories

A
  • Consequentialism
  • Deontology
  • Virtue ethics
34
Q

It should be the consequences of actions; and so this theory claims that a good action is one that results in good or desirable consequences, while a bad action is one that results in bad or undesirable consquences

A

Consequentialism

35
Q

Referred to as duty-based or right-based ethical theories. It should be the rules followed or violated by actions; and so this theory claims that a good action is one that follows a good or right rule, while a bad action is one that follows a bad or wrong rule

A

Deontology

36
Q

It should be the character traits of the agent; and so this theory claims a good action is one that is performed by a virtuous person, while a bad action is one that is performed by a vicious person

A

Virtue ethics

37
Q

Giving what is due to a person or what a person deserves to receive

A

Justice

38
Q

3 general kinds of justice

A
  • Distributive justice
  • Retributive justice
  • Compensatory justice
39
Q

Concerns the justice in the distribution of benefits and burdens

A

Distributive justice

40
Q

Concerns the justice in imposing punishments and penalties on those who have been found guilty of doing something wrong

A

Retributive justice

41
Q

Concerns the justice in compensating or paying people for what they have lost as a result of being recipient of wrongful acts

A

Compensatory justice

PHILO (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions