Kinds of Truth Flashcards
It is a kind of property whose opposite is falsity
Truth
3 CANDIDATES FOR THE BEARERS OF TRUTH
- Sentences
- Statement
- Belief
Also called a proposition that refers to a linguistic expression whose function is to advance a certain claim
Statement
The mental expressions of our claims
Belief
Something that occurs in the world, and it is what makes a certain statement true
Fact
8 KINDS OF TRUTH
- Empirical and Rational
- Synthetic and Analytic
- Contingent and Necessary
- Private and Public
- Subjective and Objective
- Universal and Relative
- Certain and Probable
- Disciplinal Truths
Established by means of sense experience
Empirical truth
Means that it can only be known after some relevant experience
Posteriori
Established by means of reason
Rational truth
Means that it can be known before some relevant experience
Priori
Extends our knowledge
Synthetic truth
Does not extend our knowledge. Definitions and identity statements are good examples of this
Analytic truth
Not true in all possible situations
Contingent truth
True in all possible situation
Necessary truth
Can only be known directly by the person who has the belief or makes the statement considered to be true. Truth of psychological statements, or statements about one’s own mental states is an example of this
Private truth
Can, in principle be known directly by everyone
Public truth
Dependent on the attitude, preferences or interest of a person or a group of persons. Value judgements such as aesthetic judgements are usually this kind
Subjective truth
Not dependent. Factual judgements is an example of this
Objective truth
Something is universally true if its truth is acknowledged by everyone
Universal truth
Something which is relatively true if its truth is acknowledge only by some people
Relative truth
The truth of the statement arrived at through the process of deductive reasoning, is certain
Certain/ Deductive truth
The truth arrived at through the process of inductive reasoning, is merely probable
Probable/Inductive truth
For instance, we have religious truth, scientific truth the truth concerns the truth of religious statements or beliefs; scientific truth, the truth of scientific statements or beliefs; psychological truth, the truth of psychological statements or beliefs; and so on
Disciplinal truths
