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3001MSC - Infection Controls > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

Spread of Disease & Epidemiology

1
Q

Communicable Disease

A

Infectious disease that can spread from 1 person to another

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2
Q

Non-communicable Disease

A

Disease not usually spread from person to person

Use of vectors, displacement of normal flora

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3
Q

Endemic

A

Always present in the given population

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4
Q

Reservoir of Infection

A

Site where microorganism persists (where they grow)

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5
Q

Source of Infection

A

Individual or object from which an infection is acquired

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6
Q

Zoonosis

A

Infectious disease that can be transmitted from animal/animal products to humans

Vectors, close contact, Direct inhalation/ingestion

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7
Q

5 Portals of Entry

A 
Skin
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urinary Tract
Congenital Infections
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8
Q

Respiratory Tract (portal of entry)

A

pathogens inhaled adhere to mucosal surface
Mechanical respiratory equipment
Wounds

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract (portal of entry)

A

ingestion of contaminated food or drink

Resist acidic environment of stomach
Low infective dose/ large ingestive number
Specialised structure

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10
Q

Urinary Tract (portal of entry)

A

When normal flora gain entry to Urinary Tract
Or
Gain entry via secretions through break in skin or mucosal linings

Catheters
Sexual intercourse
Contains Pili (allows attachment to mucosal cells)

Can disseminate to blood stream

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11
Q

Congenital Infections (portal of entry)

A

gain access through the placenta

Rubella & HIV

Perinatal (acquired at birth)

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12
Q

Portals of Exits

A

Usually the same way they entered

URT = Aerosols (can infect others directly or indirectly)

GIT = Faeces

Skin = Dermis is constantly shed

Urogenital = Semen and vaginal secretions

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13
Q

Contact Transmission

A

Spread of transmission from 1 host to another by contact

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14
Q

Direct Contact transmission

A

Transfer directly from 1 person to another

Saliva/ secretion
Skin infections
Pus from wounds

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15
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Via a Fomite

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16
Q

Faecal-oral route transmission

A

pathogens that entered the body via the GI tract and excreted in faeces

17
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

Spread of infection in small liquid droplets

Through the air over a short distance (>1m)

18
Q

common vehicle Transmission

A

Transmission of a pathogen to a number of people from a common source

Food, water, or a fomite

19
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

spread through the air, over distances over 1m from the infected host

Only causes disease if they gain access in sufficient numbers to a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

20
Q

Water-borne transmission

A

Transmission from contaminated water

21
Q

Food-borne tranmission

A

Infectious agent by consumption of food

soilage
Handling
raw foods
storage

22
Q

Vector transmission

A

living agent transmitting agent from 1 host to another

Mechanical
Passed via outside of insect’s body

Biological
Breeds with infection (multiplying in the vector)

23
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of occurrence, pattern of spread and method of control

Focuses on the health of the community rathe than an individual

24
Q

Outbreak of infection

A

Occurrence exceeds the expected number of cases in a given time or place

25
Q

Case definition

A

description of the syndrome

Used to ensure disease is accurately identified

26
Q

Morbidity

A

Incidence of disease in total population

27
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths from the disease

28
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases

29
Q

Seroprevalence

A

Prevalence of disease in community, determined by the number of people carrying antibodies to the disease at any given time

30
Q

Index case

A

First case of the disease in an epidemic

31
Q

Epidemic

A

Sudden rapid raise in incidence of disease

32
Q

Pandemic

A

Worldwide spread

33
Q

Notifiable Disease

A

Any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities

34
Q

3 levels of Prevention

A

Primary

  • Good nutritional health
  • Good hygiene
  • Safe water supply
  • Vaccination

Secondary

  • Development of tests for early detection
  • Screening programs

Tertiary
- prevention of further complications

3001MSC - Infection Controls (10 decks)

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