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3001MSC - Infection Controls > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

Host Microbe Interactions and Disease Development

1
Q

Symbiosis

A

Where all organisms have some kind of relationship with each other

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Symbiotic Relationships

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

2 independent organisms live together with mutual benefits

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4
Q

Comensalism

A

Where 1 benefits without causing any harm to the other organism
Can become a parasitism if it causes an infection

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5
Q

Parasitism

A

Where 1 benefits at the expense of another

The damage could be mild or could also result in the death of the organism

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6
Q

Microbiota

A

Normal flora (microorganisms that inhabit the human body without causing disease)

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7
Q

Resident flora

A

permanently resides on the skin and the mucosal surface

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8
Q

Transient flora

A

Colonises the skin and mucosal surfaces

Potential Pathogens

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9
Q

Contaminants

A

transient flora that is carried for short periods on the hands and other skin surfaces. Is usually removed by physical means

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10
Q

What are the sterile sites of the human body

A

Blood stream and internal organs

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11
Q

Candida albicans

A

Thrush
Caused from long term use of antibiotics)
reduction of lactobacilli which can lead to overgrowth of yeast (vaginal infection)

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12
Q

4 sites that normal microbiota reside on

A

Skin
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urinary Tract

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13
Q

Skin (normal microbiota)

A

Bacteria is found in or on the dead layers of skin
Contaminants
Resident microbiota (warm, moist areas)

Survives off surface secretions (oils and fatty acids)

Staphylococcus epidermidis (dry areas of skin)
Staphylococcus aureus  (moist area)
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14
Q

Respiratory Tract (normal microbiota)

A

mainly upper respiratory tract

Colonised with normal flora that have pathogenic potential

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15
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract (normal microbiota)

A

From mouth to anus

Most microorganism can not grow past the stomach due to its acidity
Upper intestine is slightly alkaline compared to the stomach is relatively free of bacteria

Lower intestine harbours a large population of bacteria (30% of faeces)

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16
Q

Urinary Tract (normal microbiota)

A

lower urethra consists of normal flora

kidney, bladder, upper urethra is usually sterile
They control the flush of liquids and bacteria

17
Q

Endogenous Infection

A

source of pathogen is human host itself
caused from normal flora

Congenital Infections
(source of pathogen is from mother to foetus)

18
Q

Exogenous Infections

A

Caused by organism from the external environment

HCAIs
Iatrogenic infections

19
Q

HCAIs

A

exogenous infection that occurs during a stay in a hospital or health-care facility

20
Q

Iatrogenic Infection

A

Infections from a medical procedure, treatment or contact with medical equipment

21
Q

What are the 4 aspects when establishing a disease

A

Pathogenicity/Virulence
Opportunistic Infections
Host Resistance/susceptibility
Predisposing Factors

22
Q

Pathway ofPathogenicity

A

Ability of an organism to cause a disease

Gain entry into host
Attach to host tissues and multiply
Evade host immune defence
Damage tissue and produce disease symptoms

23
Q

Infectious Dose

A

The number of organisms that is required to enter to establish an infection in the host

24
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A

Infections that are from organisms that usually don’t cause a disease.

25
Q

What is the difference between Signs and Symptoms

A

Signs are measurable changes

Symptoms are not visible but felt

26
Q

Development of Disease (stages)

A

Incubation Period
Between time of exposure and appearance of symptoms

Prodromal Period
Signs and Symptoms

Acute (invasive) Period
Pathogen invades and damages host tissue
this period determines outcome of disease

Decline Phase
decline in microorganisms due to treatment or immune system

Convalescence period
Where body repairs itself

27
Q

Localised Infections

A

Confined to 1 area

28
Q

Disseminated infection

A

infection that is spread throughout the body

Infection spreads from primary site via bloodstream or lymphatic system

29
Q

Systemic Disease

A

Infection of the bloodstream and/or multiple organs

30
Q

Mixed infections

A

Caused by more than 1 pathogen

31
Q

Primary Infection

A

Infection that is the cause of the initial illness

32
Q

Secondary Infection

A

Following a primary infection, whilst they are in a weakened state

33
Q

Superinfections

A

Secondary infection that is caused from the destruction of normal flora (usually from extensive antimicrobial therapy)

34
Q

Subclinical Infections

A

elicits the immune response without producing any signs or symptoms

3001MSC - Infection Controls (10 decks)

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