Module 5 - 5.3.3 Damping Flashcards

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1
Q

Damping Forces (definition)

A

Reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time, due to energy being removed from the oscillating system

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2
Q

Natural Damping (definition)

A

Where damping occurs in oscillations due to the effect of air resistance or other frictional forces

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3
Q

Artificial Damping (definition)

A

The process of deliberately reducing the amplitude of an oscillation

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4
Q

Examples of Damping (3)

A
  • a swing that will come to rest
  • a piano string that will eventually stop vibrating
  • the suspension system of a car (ensures amplitude of vibrations dies down quickly to not lead to discomfort for a person/damage to mechanism)
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5
Q

As the damping forces increase (3)

A
  • the rate at which energy is removed from the system increases
  • this leads to a more noticeable reduction in amplitude
  • the period of oscillation will increase slightly
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6
Q

Natural Frequency (definition)

A

The frequency at which a system will oscillate when undergoing free oscillations

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7
Q

Driving Frequency (definition)

A

The frequency of the driving force applied to an oscillating object

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8
Q

Free Oscillations occur when

A

there is no external, periodic force

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9
Q

When a forced oscillation is taking place (3)

A
  • there is always at least 2 objects that are vibrating
  • the object causing the vibration to happen (oscillated at driving frequency)
  • the object being made to oscillate (oscillates at natural frequency)
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10
Q

Resonance (definition)

A
  • resonance in forced oscillations occurs when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system being forced to oscillate
  • results in the body oscillating at its natural frequency and maximum amplitude
  • due to there being a maximum energy transfer
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11
Q

Useful Application of Resonance (1)

A

microwave ovens

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12
Q

Damaging Effect of Resonance (1)

A

bridges/buildings vibrating due to wind/earthquakes/traffic

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13
Q

Barton’s Pendulum (2)

A
  • as the heavy sphere swings backwards and forwards, energy is transferred along the sting to the other balls which will also start to swing
  • since the length of the pendulum determines the natural frequency, the ball on the string of the same length as the driver frequency will perform oscillations with the greatest amplitude
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14
Q

Increasing the amount of damping (2)

A
  • reduces the amplitude of the driven oscillation
  • slightly reduces the frequency that corresponds to the maximum amplitude of oscillation
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