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A Level Physics > Mock Revision - ignore > Flashcards

Mock Revision - ignore Flashcards

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1
Q

Speed and Stopping Distances

A

Speed ∝ Thinking Distance
Speed^2 ∝ Braking Distance

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2
Q

Upthrust

A

The upwards force that a fluid exerts on a body floating in it due to the fluid displaced

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3
Q

Factors Affecting Drag

A
  • Velocity (drag ∝ velocity^2)
  • Cross sectional area of the object
  • Density of the fluid
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4
Q

The more of the object submerged

A

The greater the upthrust

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5
Q

To travel further

A

Streamline

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6
Q

Stiffness

A

The ability of a material to resist a tensile force

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7
Q

Extension depends on

A
  • material
  • length
  • cross sectional area
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8
Q

Ductile

A

Material can be drawn into wires

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9
Q

Malleable

A

Material can be hammered into flat sheets

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10
Q

Hard

A

Material will resist plastic deformation by surface indentation or scratching

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11
Q

A Newton’s Third Law pair of forces must

A
  • be the same type of force
  • act in opposite directions
  • act on different objects
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12
Q

Impulse =

A

Change in momentum

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13
Q

Energy Flows

A

Hotter –> Cooler

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14
Q

Thermal Equlibrium

A

Two objects in contact with each other at the same temperature are said to be in thermal equilibrium

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15
Q

Min internal energy at

A

absolute zero: no kinetic, some potential

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16
Q

Kinetic Model of Matter (general + s,l,g)

A

In kinetic model of matter, all matter is made up of very small particles which are in constant motion
- Solids: vibrate about their fixed positions
- Liquids: slide past one another
- Gases: free to move quickly in random directions

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17
Q

Internal Energy

A

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms/molecules within a system

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18
Q

In system of gas particles at fixed temp

A

There is a distributed of kinetic energies among the molecules
- since wide range of different translational speeds
- peak of curve = most probable speed

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19
Q

Brownian Motion

A

The random movement of small visible particles suspended in a fluid due to collisions with much smaller, randomly moving atoms/molecules of the fluid

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20
Q

Brownian Motion: as visible particle mass increases

A

Velocity decreases, so they move around less

21
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K

22
Q

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion/Vaporisation

A

The energy needed to melt/boil 1kg of a substance

23
Q

An Ideal Gas

A

A gas that has internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energies

24
Q

Real gases behave like ideal gases if

A
  • The temperature is well above its boiling point
  • The pressure is low so that the particles are far apart
25
Q

Assumptions of the kinetic model of gas

A
  • The gas contains a large number of particles
  • The particles move rapidly and randomly
  • All collisions are perfectly elastic
  • There are negligible attractive forces between particles except during collisions
  • The time for a collisions to happen is negligible compared to the time between collisions
  • Particles have a negligible volume compared with the volume of gas in the container
26
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

p ∝ 1/V
- where T constant
- where number of moles is constant

27
Q

Charles’s Law

A

V ∝ T
- where p constant
- where number of moles is constant

28
Q

Pressure Temperature Law

A

p ∝ T
- where V is constant
- where number of moles is constant

29
Q

Ideal Gas Proportionality

A

T ∝ Ek for ideal gases since they have negligible potential energy
All gases at the same temperature have the same Ek

30
Q

Internal Energy of a ideal gas

A

3/2 NkT

31
Q

Circular Motion: Time Period

A

The time taken for one complete circular path

32
Q

Linear Velocity

A

The velocity at a given time

33
Q

Angular Velocity

A

The rate of angular rotation

34
Q

Acceleration is proportional to

A

Linear Velocity

35
Q

Centripetal Acceleration Acts

A
  • inwards towards the centre
  • perpendicular to linear velocity
36
Q

Centripetal Force

A

The resultant force on an object acting towards the centre of the circle causing it to move in a circular path

37
Q

Centripetal Force is the resultant of

A

Tension and Weight

38
Q

Vertical Circle: slowest at

A
  • the top (centripetal force = weight)
  • if weight > centripetal force, won’t spin in vertical circle
  • acceleration > 9.81
39
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion

A

A body will oscillate with S.H.M if its acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from a fixed point and always directed towards that fixed point (a ∝ -x)

40
Q

In SHM

A

amplitude and time period is constant

41
Q

Damping

A

Damping forces reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time due to energy being removed from the system

42
Q

Resonance

A
  • When driving frequency = natural frequency of the system
  • Results in body oscillating with a max amplitude due to max energy transfer
43
Q

As damping forces increase

A
  • The rate of energy removal from system increases
  • The period will increase slightly
44
Q

A Gravitational Field

A

The region around a body in which other bodies will feel a force due to the mass of the body

45
Q

Gravitational field strength is

A
  • Uniform over short distances
  • At 2x distance, field has 1/4 strength (inverse square law)
46
Q

Geostationary Satellites

A
  • Same place above surface at all time
  • 24 hour time period
  • Monitoring the weather, broadcasting TV signals
47
Q

Gravitational Potential

A
  • Grav potential at a point in a gravitational field is the energy required per unit mass to move an object from infinity to that point in the field
  • Vg is defined to be 0 at infinity
48
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

Grav potential energy = work in bringing an object from infinity to a point in the field

49
Q

Escape Velocity

A
  • The escape velocity from a point in a gravitational field is the minimum launch velocity required to move an object from that point to infinity
  • ½ mv2 ≥ GMm/r

A Level Physics (79 decks)

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