module 5

Question 1

what is loperamide for

Answer 1

non infectious travellers diarrhea. interacts with opioid receptors in stomach

Question 2

diphenhydramide

Answer 2

a first gen antihistamine that causes drowsiness benadryl

Question 3

proton pump inhibitor (omeprazol)

Answer 3

for stomach acid, permanently binds to proton pumps inhibiting secretion but 90%

Question 4

what are in decongestant nose drops

Answer 4

phenylephrine

Question 5

centrally acting cough suppressants

Answer 5

block processing information in the brain reducing frequency of cough. medulla.

Question 6

peripheral cough suppressant

Answer 6

blocks nerve endings in the throat and bronchioles inhibiting cough stimuli

Question 7

drug of choice cough supressant

Answer 7

dextromethorphan because codeine carries risk of OUD

Question 8

allopathic medicine

Answer 8

drugs used by mainstream medicine. they have a drug identification number from health canada and have undergone full testing for safety and efficacy

Question 9

herbal medicine

Answer 9

refers to plant products being sold to treat a condition and do not have a DIN these products are often unpurified and often lack phase 3 clinical trial data

Question 10

phytopharmaceutical

Answer 10

refers to drugs obtained form the plants which are purified and used at therapeutic doses with scientific efficacy and documented toxicity

Question 11

allopathic phytopharmaceuticals

Answer 11

refer to drugs obtained and purified from plants that meet all the requirements of a drug. full safety and efficacy evaluation and sun and therefore have full status as a drug

Question 12

problems associated with herbals

Answer 12

lack of efficacy and safety data. lack of RCT

Question 13

treatment of nervous tension and panic attack s

Answer 13

valerian root

Question 14

reducing blood sugar enhancement of memory and learning

Answer 14

panax ginseng

Question 15

treating inflammatory conditions

Answer 15

devils claw

Question 16

function of vitamin E and where is it found

Answer 16

antioxidant, protecting cells in the cardiovascular system and other tissues from the damaging effects of free radicals. found in leafy green vegetables, almonds

Question 17

functions of vitamin A and food sources

Answer 17

required for growth and development for normal structure of the mucous membrane and epithelial cells. a constituent of a complex molecule in the ride of the eye called this pain which is required for night vision

Question 18

a supplement that is recommended for women of childbearing age to decrease the undivided id neural tube defect in offspring such as spinal bifida

Answer 18

folic acid

Question 19

vitamin d uses and effects

Answer 19

prevents osteoporosis. helps with calcium absorption
deficiency can result in decreased absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestine, therefore decreased blood calcium level. can lead to removal of calcium from the bone in an attempt to maintain blood calcium levels. rickets

Question 20

classes of food additives

Answer 20

flavouring
colours
texture agents
preservatives
sweetener

Question 21

msg causes what

Answer 21

causes a tightening of muscles in the face and neck accompanied by headache nausea and giddinesss

Question 22

what food colouring causes allergic reactions

Answer 22

tartrazine

Question 23

types of texture agents

Answer 23

silicates and emulsifying agents

Question 24

where are silicates added

Answer 24

flour and flour products

Question 25

types of preservatives

Answer 25

antibacterial and antioxidants

Question 26

types of anti bacterial additives

Answer 26

smoke antibiotics and sodium nitrate

Question 27

these antibacterial preservatives are added to meat to make them red and to inhibit the growth of clostridium botulinum they also form nitrosamines which are known carcinogens

Answer 27

sodium nitrite

Question 28

antioxidant preservatives

Answer 28

water soluble - added to food to reduce oxidation of carbs usually absorbic and citric acid

fat soluble - added to food to prevent fat from becoming rancid potato chips cakes usually tocopherol. some have been shown to cause liver damage

Question 29

types of sweeteners

Answer 29

saccharin - first sweetened developed

aspartame - classified as a potential carcinogen by the who to primary liver cancer. can be problematic for people with phenylketonuria.

Question 30

when are vitamins used as supplements

Answer 30

need for increased nutrition - kids, pregnancy stress menstruation

absorption disturbances - hyperthyroidism or gi issues diarrhea

inadequate nutritional intake - poverty sud

Question 31

overdosing on what vitamin can cause nerve injury

Answer 31

vitamin b6 or pyridoxine. additionally taking high doses of fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in body fat and cause toxic effects

Question 32

why are retinoids only available by prescription

Answer 32

retinoids specifically oral form are associated with a number of adverse effects including damage to an unborn child depression diabetes and liver disease, which is why they need to be monitored closely by a clinician