module 1: history of drug use and development

Question 1

definition of drug

Answer 1

a substance received by a biological system that is not received for nutritional purposes, influences the biological function of an organism

Question 2

opium is contains which two substances

Answer 2

morphine (10%) and codeine (0.5%)

Question 3

ephedrine is a derivative of what chinese drug and what does it treat

Answer 3

ma huang, treats asthma, used as a decongestant

Question 4

how is curare used in modern times

Answer 4

as an anesthetic during surgery

Question 5

what are the effects of the poison ergot

Answer 5

causes violent contractions of the uterus, can cause hallucinations, convulsions, constructions of blood vessels, cause limbs to fall off

Question 6

when is ergotamine used

Answer 6

used to treat migraines by constricting blood vessels.

Question 7

when is ergotovine used

Answer 7

used to hasten birth, can be used to arrest uterine bleeding after childbirth

Question 8

what is the active ingredient in peyote that causes hallucinations

Answer 8

mescaline

Question 9

what percent of drugs are derived from plant sources

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

___ is similar is structure to ergotamine and ergotovine

Answer 10

LSD

Question 11

when was LSD synthesized

Answer 11

1943 by albert hofman

Question 12

invented in the 1900s, this drug selectively binds to parasites, lead to the cure for syphilis

Answer 12

organoarsenics

Question 13

invented in 1930s, first successful synthetic antimicrobial

Answer 13

sulfa drugs

Question 14

1940s, first antibiotic, used in second world war for gram positive bacterial diseases.

Answer 14

penicillin

Question 15

invented in 1950s, treated TB and gram negative diseases.

Answer 15

streptomycin

Question 16

bacteria with thick cell wall and no outer membrane ( diphtheria, staphylococcus)

Answer 16

gram positive

Question 17

bacteria with thin cell wall and outer membrane (cholera, e. coli)

Answer 17

gram negative

Question 18

the well established way to prove or disprove the value of a new medication or treated is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) this means that

Answer 18

the people who administer the drugs do not know who is receiving the new drug. or are double blind