module 2 Flashcards
substance use disorder criteria
social impairments
risky use
impaired control
withdrawal
tolerance
individual may use the substance in physically hazardous situations or use substance despite physiological or psychological problems caused by the use
risky use
impaired control
individual may have persistent craving for the substance
the state in which stopping abruptly or reducing the dose of a given drug produces non physical symptoms
addiction
reward system of the brain
limbic system
characteristics of addictive drugs
increase dopamine
produce novelty
reduce anxiety
drugs that increase dopamine
cocaine
amphetamines
nicotine
caffeine
morphine
heroine
oxycodone
alcohol
cannabis
drugs that increase novelty
lysergic acid diethylamide lsd
ecstasy or mdma
drugs that reduce anxiety
benzodiazepine
barbiturates
stimulant withdrawal symptoms
sleepiness
muscle pain
anxiety
tremors
low mood
suicidal ideation
cardiovascular problems
opioid withdrawal symptoms
sweating
muscle aches
agitation
diarrhea
abdominal cramping
vomiting
drug tolerance
the state in which repeated administration of a given dose of a drug has progressively less pharmacological effect. or a state. in which the dose of a drug must be increases to obtain the same magnitude of pharmacological effect as that was produced by the original drug dose
factors influencing substance use disorder
genetic
pre existing disorders
environmental
developmental
what drug does not have withdrawal symptoms
hallucinogens
substance misuse
using the drug in ways or amounts other than what was prescribed or against social norms
mdma effects
a derivative of methamphetamine that is often misused. it fosters the feeling of intimacy and empathy while improving intellectual capacities. a neurotoxin causing neuronal damage, long lasting
effects of amphetamines on CNS
- decreased threshold for transmitting sensory input to the cerebral cortex, leading to cns excitation
- feeling of euphoria or reward
- temperature regulation and feeding centre modifications leading to appetite suppression
- increase in aggressive behaviour and mood swings
mechanism of action of nicotine
nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors at the synapse similar to acetylcholine.
activation of nicotinic receptors increases psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention, and memory. mediates release of dopamine and serotonin
long term effects of smoking
cardiovascular diseases
lung disease
cancer
what types of cancer does smoking increase
lung, oral cavity, throat,. bladder and uterus
caffeine competes with ______
adenosine
amphetamines mechanism of action
blocks vesicular monoamine transporters VMAT, increases dopamine/norepinephrine at synapse
cocaine mechanism of action
blocks reuptake of dopamine, increases dopamine at synapse
nicotine mechanism of action
stimulates nicotinic receptors
nicotine mechanism of action
stimulates nicotinic receptors
caffeine mechanism of action
competitive inhibitor at adenosine receptors, prevents inhibition
performance enhancing drugs
amphetamines, anabolic steroids, benzodiazepines, blood doping, erythryopoietin and diuretic
anabolic steroids
used by athletes to increase muscle mass and strength. testosterone is an anabolic steroid. synthetic anabolic steroids have reduces androgen effected but maintain anabolic effects while testosterone has both
anabolic steroids produce an_____response. to help athletes maintain muscle mass by preventing muscle tissue from breaking down
anti catabolic response
What system in the brain in the reward system associated with dopamine
Limbic system
3 Characteristics of addictive drugs
Increases dopamine
Produces novelty
Reduces anxiety
effects of anabolic steroids (synthetic)
increase muscle mass and strength, reduces androgenic effects, increase anabolic effects.
when would anabolic steroids be used in sports
they are used in sports such as football, weight lifting, running and gymnastics
mechanism of action of anabolic steroids
anticatabolic - produce an anticatabolic response. prevents muscle protein degradation, allowing athletes to maintain muscle mass
anabolic - anabolic effects of drug result in protein production
motivation - produce aggressive behaviour, roid rage. beneficial for sports like football
effects of anabolic steroids low to moderate dose and large dose
effects on inexperienced weightlifter would be less than exercise program
in athletes peak of training, large doses combined with diet in protein significantly increases lean body mass, body weight and strength. aggressive behaviour induced by steroids contributes to their performance enhancement effects
toxicities of anabolic steroids
moodswings
severe acne
cardiovascular disease - increase cholesterol
altered liver function - hepatitis, liver failure, liver cancer
reduced testosterone levels - blocks release of gonadotropin releasing hormone, reducing testosterone and sperm production.
