module 2

Question 1

substance use disorder criteria

Answer 1

social impairments
risky use
impaired control
withdrawal
tolerance

Question 2

individual may use the substance in physically hazardous situations or use substance despite physiological or psychological problems caused by the use

Answer 2

risky use

Question 3

impaired control

Answer 3

individual may have persistent craving for the substance

Question 4

the state in which stopping abruptly or reducing the dose of a given drug produces non physical symptoms

Answer 4

addiction

Question 5

reward system of the brain

Answer 5

limbic system

Question 6

characteristics of addictive drugs

Answer 6

increase dopamine
produce novelty
reduce anxiety

Question 7

drugs that increase dopamine

Answer 7

cocaine
amphetamines
nicotine
caffeine
morphine
heroine
oxycodone
alcohol
cannabis

Question 8

drugs that increase novelty

Answer 8

lysergic acid diethylamide lsd
ecstasy or mdma

Question 9

drugs that reduce anxiety

Answer 9

benzodiazepine
barbiturates

Question 10

stimulant withdrawal symptoms

Answer 10

sleepiness
muscle pain
anxiety
tremors
low mood
suicidal ideation
cardiovascular problems

Question 11

opioid withdrawal symptoms

Answer 11

sweating
muscle aches
agitation
diarrhea
abdominal cramping
vomiting

Question 12

drug tolerance

Answer 12

the state in which repeated administration of a given dose of a drug has progressively less pharmacological effect. or a state. in which the dose of a drug must be increases to obtain the same magnitude of pharmacological effect as that was produced by the original drug dose

Question 13

factors influencing substance use disorder

Answer 13

genetic
pre existing disorders
environmental
developmental

Question 14

what drug does not have withdrawal symptoms

Answer 14

hallucinogens

Question 15

substance misuse

Answer 15

using the drug in ways or amounts other than what was prescribed or against social norms

Question 16

mdma effects

Answer 16

a derivative of methamphetamine that is often misused. it fosters the feeling of intimacy and empathy while improving intellectual capacities. a neurotoxin causing neuronal damage, long lasting

Question 17

effects of amphetamines on CNS

Answer 17

• decreased threshold for transmitting sensory input to the cerebral cortex, leading to cns excitation
• feeling of euphoria or reward
• temperature regulation and feeding centre modifications leading to appetite suppression
• increase in aggressive behaviour and mood swings

Question 18

mechanism of action of nicotine

Answer 18

nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors at the synapse similar to acetylcholine.
activation of nicotinic receptors increases psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention, and memory. mediates release of dopamine and serotonin

Question 19

long term effects of smoking

Answer 19

cardiovascular diseases
lung disease
cancer

Question 20

what types of cancer does smoking increase

Answer 20

lung, oral cavity, throat,. bladder and uterus

Question 21

caffeine competes with ______

Answer 21

adenosine

Question 22

amphetamines mechanism of action

Answer 22

blocks vesicular monoamine transporters VMAT, increases dopamine/norepinephrine at synapse

Question 23

cocaine mechanism of action

Answer 23

blocks reuptake of dopamine, increases dopamine at synapse

Question 24

nicotine mechanism of action

Answer 24

stimulates nicotinic receptors

Question 25

nicotine mechanism of action

Answer 25

stimulates nicotinic receptors

Question 26

caffeine mechanism of action

Answer 26

competitive inhibitor at adenosine receptors, prevents inhibition

Question 27

performance enhancing drugs

Answer 27

amphetamines, anabolic steroids, benzodiazepines, blood doping, erythryopoietin and diuretic

Question 28

anabolic steroids

Answer 28

used by athletes to increase muscle mass and strength. testosterone is an anabolic steroid. synthetic anabolic steroids have reduces androgen effected but maintain anabolic effects while testosterone has both

Question 29

anabolic steroids produce an_____response. to help athletes maintain muscle mass by preventing muscle tissue from breaking down

Answer 29

anti catabolic response

Question 30

What system in the brain in the reward system associated with dopamine

Answer 30

Limbic system

Question 31

3 Characteristics of addictive drugs

Answer 31

Increases dopamine
Produces novelty
Reduces anxiety

Question 32

effects of anabolic steroids (synthetic)

Answer 32

increase muscle mass and strength, reduces androgenic effects, increase anabolic effects.

Question 33

when would anabolic steroids be used in sports

Answer 33

they are used in sports such as football, weight lifting, running and gymnastics

Question 34

mechanism of action of anabolic steroids

Answer 34

anticatabolic - produce an anticatabolic response. prevents muscle protein degradation, allowing athletes to maintain muscle mass

anabolic - anabolic effects of drug result in protein production

motivation - produce aggressive behaviour, roid rage. beneficial for sports like football

Question 35

effects of anabolic steroids low to moderate dose and large dose

Answer 35

effects on inexperienced weightlifter would be less than exercise program
in athletes peak of training, large doses combined with diet in protein significantly increases lean body mass, body weight and strength. aggressive behaviour induced by steroids contributes to their performance enhancement effects

Question 36

toxicities of anabolic steroids

Answer 36

moodswings
severe acne
cardiovascular disease - increase cholesterol
altered liver function - hepatitis, liver failure, liver cancer
reduced testosterone levels - blocks release of gonadotropin releasing hormone, reducing testosterone and sperm production.