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Environmental Engineering > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Airport operators need to pay attention to their wide range of fluid discharges. These particularly includes:

A

de-icing fluids, handling fuels, stormwater runoffs

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2
Q

melt existing and inhibit the further formation of snow and ice

A

antiicing/de-icing fluids (ADF)

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3
Q

can pollute groundwater

A

de-icing fluid

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4
Q

has been the cause of multiple accidents

A

accumulated snow and ice

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5
Q

can severely damage the environment, particularly groundwater and wildlife

A

leaks and spills

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6
Q

these chemicals used on the airport property can also have major adverse environmental impacts if leaks and spills occur

A

aircraft servicing and maintenance fluids, firefighting fluids, pesticides and herbicides

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7
Q

The large quantities of water can create ______ that can cause runway or taxiway closures if the airport drainage system is not designed properly.

A

flash floods

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8
Q

It is the act of reducing the severity of an impact.

A

mitigation

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9
Q

What does EPA stand for?

A

Environment Protection Agency

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10
Q

What does the EPA do?

A
  • reduction of the amounts used
  • collection and disposal of fluids
  • recycling
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11
Q

Centralized De-icing Facilities

A

Denver/International, Montreal/Trudeau, Toronto/Pearson

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12
Q

Big reduce to ADFs, but demands very high power

A

Infrared Heaters

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13
Q

De-Icing na mga bagay

A

special vehicles, settling pools, infrared heaters

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14
Q

solutions for fuel and other chemical leaks and spills

A

reliable fuel storage, distributed fuel system, effective cleanup procedures, secondary containment, zoned leak detection systems

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15
Q

protection against accidental spills or deliberate sabotage

A

secondary containment

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16
Q

built around the tanks to contain massive spills

A

berms

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17
Q

used to identify volumetric changes of the product

A

zoned leak detection systems

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18
Q

solution for stormwater runoffs

A

drainage system

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19
Q

permit to allow discharge on surface water

A

Discharge Permit (US)

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20
Q

permit required by the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

A

Discharge Permit (US)

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21
Q

grabs monthly sample to be tested against allowable EPA limits

A

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

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22
Q

What does NPDES stand for?

A

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System

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23
Q

Water treatment methods depend on the ______

A

characteristics of raw water

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24
Q

depends on the characteristics of raw water

A

water treatment (methods)

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25
serve multiple purposes, including drinking water, industrial use, and firefighting
public water systems
26
The treatment method is primarily determined by the need to produce ______ for human consumption.
potable water
27
It is a crucial step in conventional water treatment
rapid mixing
28
it's all about getting chemicals and raw water to know each other very quickly
rapid mixing
29
the water is gently mixed to allow the clumps to grow larger and heavier
flocculation
30
also called sedimentation
settling
31
it is a natural process used in water treatment
settling or sedimentation
32
it's like letting dirt settle out of a glass of muddy water
settling or sedimentation
33
it is a physical process used in water treatment to remove particles suspended in water
filtration
34
a process widely used in water treatment to disinfect water
chlorination
35
is a large tank that stores treated water
clear well
36
are a key part of delivering clean water after it's treated at a water treatment plant
pumping stations
37
process of neutralizing or manipulating the electrostatic charges of the particles suspended in the water
coagulation
38
characteristics of silt particles
small size, colloidal nature, negative charges
39
when suspended in water, they are hard to eliminate since they are incapable of clumping together to create larger particles that could be more easily cleared out
silt particles
40
is negatively charged and attracts positively charged ions
solid particle
41
What do negative ions form given that they are so strongly attracted that they are virtually attached to the particle and travel with it?
slippage or slipping plane
42
The charge on the particle as it moves through the fluid is the negative charge, diminished in part by the positive ions in the inner layer called the ______
zeta potential
43
negative charge is considered as a ________
repulsive charge
44
attractive electrostatic charge
van der Waals force
45
prevents the particles from coming together
energy hill
46
objective of coagulation
reduce energy barrier to 0
47
one way to reduce the energy barrier
adding trivalent cations
48
with charges opposite those of the suspended solids are added to the water
coagulant chemicals
49
forms when the small, suspended, neutralized particles stick together
flocs
50
The building of larger flocs from the smaller particles suspended in the water.
flocculation
51
Flocculation is typically achieved through the addition of specialized chemicals known as ______.
flocculants
52
serve to promote particle clumping and aid in the collision and attachment of particles
flocculants
53
often used together to remove contaminants and impurities
flocculation and coagulation
54
more easily separated from soluble components (often water) through sedimentation or filtration
aggregates
55
Larger aggregates. Coagulation or Flocculation?
Flocculation
56
the initial step in particle aggregation
coagulation
57
a subsequent step that creates larger and more easily removable agglomerated flocs
flocculation
58
introduces velocity gradients into the water so that the particles in a fast-moving stream can catch up and collide with slow-moving particles
flocculator
59
A flocculator introduces ______ into the water so that the particles in a fast-moving stream can catch up and collide with slow-moving particles.
velocity gradients
60
introduces velocity gradients
rotating paddles
61
also an important variable in flocculation
time
62
term often used in design
Gt
63
t in Gt
hydraulic retention time
64
the length of time it takes for the water on top to leave the flocculation basin
hydraulic retention time
65
refers to the process of allowing suspended particles in a fluid, usually water, to settle out of the fluid by gravity, aiding in water treatment and purification
settling
66
facilitate the removal of suspended solids from liquids through gravitational settling
settling tanks
67
integral components of water and wastewater treatment systems
settling tanks
68
aids in the clarification of water by allowing heavier particles to settle to the bottom
settling tanks
69
4 major zones of a settling tank
inlet zone, outlet zone, settling zone, sludge zone
70
Types of settling tanks
based on methods of operation, based on location, based on shape
71
Types of settling tanks based on methods of operation
fill and draw type, continuous flow type
72
Types of settling tanks based on location
primary tank, secondary tank
73
Types of settling tanks based on shape
circular tank, rectangular tank, hopper bottom tank
74
These tanks are designed to ensure uniform flow and minimize turbulence, with entrance and exit configurations being key elements
gravity settling tanks
75
requires periodic removal via a mud valve, as it does not decompose easily
alum sludge
76
what does an alum sludge require for removal?
mud valve
77
produces odoriferous gases and float solids within hours
wastewater treatment sludges
78
The clarified water leaving settling tanks undergoes further polishing with a ______ to achieve optimal purity
rapid sand filter
79
2 processes of separating impurities
filtration, backwashing
80
step-by-step process of cleaning a rapid sand filter
- shut off flow of water - allow wash water to enter below the filter bed - allow the wash water to flow - shut off the wash water - resume filtration
81
process of removing the solid impurities in the water
straining, sedimentation, interception, diffusion
82
most effective process of removing solid impurities in the water for larger particles
straining, sedimentation, interception
83
this process of removing the solid impurities in the water can occur only for colloidal particles
diffusion
84
possibly the most important mechanism, takes place exclusively in the first few centimeters of the filter medium, removing only the particles in the water large enough to get caught in the pores
straining
85
A process where larger and heavier particles do not follow the fluid streamline around the sand grain, and settle on the grain.
sedimentation
86
A process that occurs with particles that do follow the streamline, but are too large and are caught because they brush up against the sand grain.
interception
87
A process where larger and heavier particles do not follow the fluid streamline around the sand grain, and settle on the grain.
diffusion
88
random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas)
Brownian motion
89
classifications of filter beds
single medium, dual media, trimedia
90
filter beds often utilized by wastewater treatment
dual media, trimedia
91
spread head loss buildup and permit longer filter runs
multimedia filters
92
a primary condition in filter design
head loss
93
refers to the pressure loss that occurs due to resistance as water passes through the filter media
head loss
94
As sand gets progressively dirtier the head loss _____.
increases
95
proponents of the Cannan-Kozeny Equation
scientists Erich H. von Cannan and J. Kozeny
96
one of the oldest and most widely used methods; helps us understand how fluids move through materials that have tiny holes or gaps in them
Cannan-Kozeny Equation
97
proponents of Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach
98
In scenarios where the head loss of a dirty filter exceeds the total head available, a _________ may form within the filter bed.
negative pressure region
99
Alternatively, some filters allow water to flow based on the head loss, resulting in ________.
variable flow rate
100
Process of a typical water treatment facility
- rapid mixing - flocculation - settling - filtration - chlorination - clear well storage - pumping to distribution system
101
After filtration, _____ is added to kill remaining germs.
chlorine
102
Chlorine reacts with _____ to kill them.
organic matter
103
Chlorine may react with other things in water to create new substances. To avoid this, some plants use alternative methods like _______.
ozonation
104
It is added to drinking water in a number of municipalities since it has been shown to prevent tooth decay in children and young adults.
fluorine

Environmental Engineering (11 decks)

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