module 5

Question 1

what is the spinal cord

Answer 1

long, thing, delicate tubular structure

Question 2

spinal cord ends between

Answer 2

L1 and L2 in adults and L4 in infants

Question 3

spinal cord terminates in

Answer 3

a cone shaped structure called the conus medullar is

Question 4

spinal cord anchored to the

Answer 4

coccyx by the film terminale

Question 5

spinal cord divided into

Answer 5

5 regions and 31 segments

Question 6

5 regions

Answer 6

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Question 7

how many spinal nerves

Answer 7

8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves, 5 sacral nerves, 1 coccygeal nerve

Question 8

spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord by

Answer 8

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 9

dorsal roots

Answer 9

contain the axons of sensory neurons

Question 10

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 10

contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 11

ventral roots

Answer 11

contain the axons of motor neurons (somatic and autonomic)

Question 12

collection of nerve roots is called

Answer 12

cauda equina

Question 13

spinal cord is protected by

Answer 13

vertebral column cerebrospinal fluid, spinal meninges

Question 14

lumbar puncture

Answer 14

involves the insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space beyond L3

Question 15

internal anatomy of the spinal cord is divided into a left and right side by what two grooves

Answer 15

anterior median fissure, posterer median sulcus

Question 16

gray matter

Answer 16

composed of neuron cell bodies

Question 17

gray matter is subdivided into gray horns. name the three

Answer 17

anterior gray horns, lateral gray horns, posterior gray horns

Question 18

posterior gray horns function

Answer 18

sensory

Question 19

anterior and lateral gray horns function

Answer 19

motor

Question 20

posterior gray horns contain

Answer 20

interneurons

Question 21

anterior gray horns contain

Answer 21

lower motor neurons

Question 22

lateral gray horns contain

Answer 22

preganglionic neurons

Question 23

white matter

Answer 23

composed of myelinated axons

Question 24

white matter subdivided into white columns. name the white columns

Answer 24

lateral white columns, posterior white columns, anterior white columns

Question 25

ascending tracts

Answer 25

conduct sensory input to the brain

Question 26

descending tracts

Answer 26

conduct motor output away from the brain

Question 27

fascicles gracilis and fascicles cuneatus white column location

Answer 27

posterior white columns

Question 28

fascicles gracilis and fascicles cuneatus sensory information conducted

Answer 28

fine touch, vibration, light pressure, proprioception

Question 29

lateral spinothalamic white column location

Answer 29

lateral white columns

Question 30

lateral spinothalamic sensory information conduction

Answer 30

pain and temperature

Question 31

anterior spinocerebellar and posterior spinocerebellar white column location

Answer 31

lateral white columns

Question 32

anterior spinocerebellar and posterior spinocerebellar sensory information conducted

Answer 32

proprioception

Question 33

anterior spinothalamic white column location

Answer 33

anterior white columns

Question 34

anterior spinothalamic sensory information conducted

Answer 34

crude touch, deep pressure

Question 35

lateral corticospinal tract white column location

Answer 35

lateral white columns

Question 36

lateral cortiocspinal tract motor output conducted

Answer 36

somatic motor output that control the skeletal muscles of the limbs

Question 37

anterior corticospinal tracts white column location

Answer 37

anterior white columns

Question 38

anterior coricospical tracts motor output conducted

Answer 38

somatic motor output that controls the skeletal muscles of the trunk

Question 39

three main somatosensory pathways

Answer 39

spinothalamic pathway, posterior column pathway, spinocerebellar pathway

Question 40

spinothalamic pathways function

Answer 40

crude touch, deep pressure, pain temperature

Question 41

spinothalamic pathway neurons

Answer 41

first, second, third

Question 42

posterior column pathway function

Answer 42

fine touch, light pressure, vibration and proprioception

Question 43

posterior column pathways neurons

Answer 43

first, second, third

Question 44

spinocerebellar pathway function

Answer 44

proprioception

Question 45

spinocerebllar pathway neurons

Answer 45

first, second

Question 46

somatic motor output pathways

Answer 46

lateral corticospinal pathway, anterior corticospinal pathway

Question 47

lateral corticospinal pathway function

Answer 47

limbs

Question 48

lateral cortiocospinal pathway neuron

Answer 48

upper, lower

Question 49

anterior corticospinal pathway function

Answer 49

axial skeleton

Question 50

anterior corticospinal pathway neuron

Answer 50

upper, lower

Question 51

spinal reflex arcs five components

Answer 51

receptor, sensory neuron, integration centre, motor neuron, effector

Question 52

patellar reflex stimulus

Answer 52

tap to patellar tendon

Question 53

patellar reflex normal response

Answer 53

extension at knee

Question 54

biceps reflex stimulus

Answer 54

tap to biceps brachii tendon

Question 55

biceps reflex normal response

Answer 55

flexion at elbow

Question 56

triceps reflex stimulus

Answer 56

tap to triceps brachii tendon

Question 57

triceps reflex normal response

Answer 57

ectention at elbow

Question 58

plantar reflex stimulus

Answer 58

stroking at the lateral side of the sole of the foot

Question 59

plantar reflex normal response

Answer 59

flexion of toes