module 4 Flashcards
cerebrum
largest part of the brain
cerebrum divided
cerebral hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure
cerebrum separated
separated from the cerebellum by the transverse fissure
cerebral hemisphere divided into 5 lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
cerebral hemisphere divided into 3 regions
cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal nuclei
cerebral cortex
outer region of gray matter - contains nuclei
cerebral white matter
inter region of white matter - contains tracts
basal nuclei
islands of gray matter deep within the white matter
primary motor cortex location
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex function
generates the somatic motor output that stimulates voluntary skeletal muscle movements
premotor cortex location
frontal lobe
premotor cortex function
controls skilled, complex motor activities
frontal eye field location
frontal lobe
frontal eye field function
controls voluntary eye movements
brocas area location
frontal lobe
brocas area function
controls the muscles involved in the production of speech
wernickes area location
temporal lobe
wernickes area function
comprehends written and spoken language
prefrontal cortex location
frontal lobe
prefrontal cortex function
responsible for intellect, cognition, personality and behaviour
primary somatosensory location
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory function
receives and localises general sensory input, perceives sensations of touch, temperature, pressure, vibration, pain and proprioception
somatosensory association area location
parietal lobe
somatosensory association area function
interprets general sensory sensory input to recognise objects by touch alone
special sensory areas location
occipital, temporal lobes, insula
special sensory areas function
receives special sensory input
special sensory association areas location
occipital, temporal lobes and insula
special sensory association areas function
interpret special sensory input to give meaning to sensations
visual areas location
occipital lobe
visual cortex function
receives visual input detected by the photoreceptors
visual association area
interprets visual input, recognise what we see, stores memories of past visual images
auditory areas location
located in each temporal lobe
auditory cortex
receives sound input detected by the hair cells in the ear to produce and locate sounds
auditory association area
interprets auditory input, allows us to recognise sounds stores memories of past sounds
olfactory cortex location and function
temporal lobe, perceives different odours
gustatory cortex location and function
insula, perceives taste sensations
visceral cortex location and function
insula, perceives visceral sensations
vestibular cortex location and function
insula, awareness of balance
cerebral white matter three tracts
commissural tracts, association tracts, projection tracts
commissural tracts
conduct information between the two cerebral hemispheres
association tracts
conduct information between cortical areas in the same hemisphere
projection tracts
conduct information between the cerebral cortex and lower parts of the CNS
cerebral basal nuclei function
communicate with the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to facilitate smooth skeletal muscle movements
white matter function
communication within the CNS
basal nuclei function
facilities smooth skeletal movements
cerebellum function
ensures smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements, and maintains posture and balance
diencephalon includes
thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
thalamus function
relay station for information entering the cerebral cortex
hypothalamus function
regulates body temperature, food intake, thirst, emotional responses, sleep wake cycle, controls autonomic functions, produces hormones
limbic system function
establishes emotional states, controls emotional responses, formation of long term memories
midbrain function
mediates visual and auditory reflexes, produces dopamine
pons function
controls heart rate and force of contraction, respiration, blood vessel diameter
reticular formation function
maintains consciousness
concussion
mild brain injury with short lived effects, headache, dizziness, temporary loss of consciousness
contusion
bruising of the brain, may cause permanent neurological damage, may result in coma
stroke
blood flow to brain area is reduced or blocked and neurone die due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients
ischaemic stroke cause
blood clot in a cerebral artery
haemorrhaging stroke cause
cerebral blood vessel ruptures and bleeds
transient ischaemic attack
mini stroke, blood flow to brain area is temporarily reduced or blocked
alzheimers disease
death of neutrons causes the brain to shrink
alzheimers disease symptoms
memory loss, confusion and disorientation, personality changes, inability to read, write, talk, eat and walk
parkisions disease
loss of dopamine
brain protected by
cranium (skull), meninges, blood brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid
cranium
strong and encloses the brain to protect it
meniges
dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter
cerebrospinal fluid
acts as a shock-absorbing medium
blood brain barrier
protects neural tissue of the brain from harmful substances
